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As detailed below, the overweight and obesity emergency that Mexico is facing could have been avoided, or largely mitigated, if the health concerns linked to shifting diets had been integrated into the design of those policies. (...) Families benefiting from Oportunidades spend an average of 70 per cent of the cash transfer on so-called “better quality” calories, including greater expenditure on meat, fruit and vegetables, which reduced the risks of children becoming overweight or obese in families benefiting from this support.13 Doubts have more recently been expressed, however, about the benefits of the papilla (Nutrisano) for infants of 6 to 23 months of age included in Oportunidades,14 although this seems to be attributable to the fact that the iron contained in the supplement was not easily fixed by the organism.

According to a survey carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO), 31 per cent of 11-year-old boys and 21 per cent of 11-year-old girls in Poland are overweight or obese.30 According to the dietary survey mentioned in the previous paragraph, 41 per cent of adult men were overweight and 15.7 per cent were obese. For women, 28.7 per cent were overweight and 19.9 per cent were obese. 38. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the fact that the Government considers combating overweight and obesity as a high priority and welcomes several initiatives it has taken to promote healthy ways of eating. As early as 2007, Poland implemented a national prevention programme for overweight and obesity and non-communicable diseases through dietary improvement and increased physical activity.

GE.20-11288 (C) 040920 140920  人权理事会 第四十三届会议 2020年 2月 24日至 3月 20日 议程项目 3

Morocco has also experienced a recent increase in adult obesity, particularly among women, with over one half of women either overweight or obese.9 Progress in improving community infrastructure, combined with unhealthy food habits and increase in fast food consumption, are the major contributors to the increase in overweight and chronic diseases. (...) Cultural norms representing an intentional desire to gain weight on the part of Moroccan women in the name of beauty are also a contributing factor. Although overweight and obesity are more widespread in urban areas, they also now exist in rural areas. 8. (...) Fourteen per cent of children under 5 years of age are overweight (see ibid.). 44. A number of strategies and programmes implemented by the Ministry of Health and its partners to promote a healthy diet and to address the problem of insufficient micronutrients have led to an improvement in the population’s nutritional status.

Even though there are no alarming overweight and obesity problems, there are some early signs of emerging problems of overeating and unhealthy food. 63. (...) Children under 12 months of age have substantially higher rates of being underweight than other age groups and the prevalence for children in low-income households is significantly higher than that of children in more affluent households. Overweight, obesity and malnutrition 71. In 2018, 14.1 per cent of children under five were overweight and 19.9 per cent of adults were obese. (...) Studies have indicated that breastfed children perform better on intelligence tests, are less likely to be obese or overweight and are less prone to diabetes later in life.

GE.12-10092 (C) 190112 230112 人权理事会 第十九届会议 议程项目 3 增进和保护所有人权―― 公民权利、政治权利、

Looking at a select group of screening data from the Asia Pacific Region for the period of 2007-2011, it is clear where some of the most significant problems lie: • 37.7% had obvious untreated tooth decay • 43.0% had obvious gingival infection • 45.9% had preventable/treatable skin/nail conditions of feet or ankles • 46.1% had never had an eye exam • 32.1% failed pure tone hearing screening • 15.9% had low bone density • 41.4% of adults were either overweight or obese Many UN Treaty bodies and NHRI’s are aware that States are not collecting the sort of data on people with disability that is needed to properly monitor compliance with the CRPD.

With the prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age having changed very little over the past 10 years,29 a number of policies and strategies have been developed to combat malnutrition, especially in children.The Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition 2011-2016 (which complements the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016) provides the framework for improving the nutritional status of Filipinos and outlines a number of challenges to be addressed, including hunger; child undernutrition; maternal undernutrition; deficiencies in iron, iodine and vitamin A; obesity; and overweight. In addition, initiatives such as the “Breastfeeding TSEK” campaign are aimed at promoting complementary feeding, which should start after six months of exclusive breastfeeding. (...) The most recent survey by the National Statistics Coordination Board, in 2008, revealed that 26.6 per cent of Filipino adults were overweight, with 5.2 per cent recorded as obese. The number of children aged 5 to 10 years recorded as overweight was 6.6 per cent, compared with 5.8 per cent in 2003.

Over 25 per cent of Canadian adults are obese as are 8.6 per cent of children between the ages of 6-17, according to a joint report by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Information based on 2007-2009 data.35 Overweight and obesity combined affect 62.1 per cent of the population. (...) Anis et al., “Obesity and Overweight in Canada: An Updated Cost-of-Illness Study,” Obesity Reviews, vol. 11, No. 1 (2009), pp. 31-40. 39 See First Nations of Québec and Labrador Health and Social Services Commission, Scan on Diabetes in First Nations Communities in Québec, 2011. (...) The objective of the framework is to coordinate across the federal, provincial and territorial governments to ensure that combating childhood obesity is a priority for the respective ministers of health; to create environments that support physical activity and healthy eating by children; to identify, at an early stage. the risk of overweight and obesity in children; and to increase the availability and accessibility of nutritious foods, among others. 46.

__________________ 6 Mercedes de Onis and others,“Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years”, Public Health Nutrition, vol. 22, No. 1 (January 2019)。 (...) 14 Robert E Black and others,“Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries”, The Lancet, vol. 382, No. 9890 (August 2013)。 (...) 21 世卫组织，“Obesity and overweight”，16 February 2018。 22 详情参见秘书长监测人口方案的报告，重点是人口、粮食安全、营养和可持续发展(E/CN.9/2020/3)。