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Such experiences cause severe pain and suffering, which can result in a deterioration of mental health and lead to depression, self-isolation and suicidal thoughts. (...) Firstly, the Special Rapporteur heard reports of cases of what she has already identified as the perverse consequences of the mercantilization of health (A/HRC/41/47), which are at the root of a substantive number of the difficulties associated with the medical treatment of the disease, such as neuropathic pain, Hansen’s disease reactions and the iatrogenic effects of some of the drugs employed in treating the disease, such as clofazimine, which can produce changes in skin colour, becoming a stigmatizing mark of the disease for these women, and thalidomide, which affects sexual and reproductive health. (...) Furthermore, as a result of the social roles that continue to be attributed mainly to women, many women described how physical impairments, sometimes invisible ones like neuropathic pain and loss of sensation, made the performance of house work, childcare and care of other family members increasingly painful. 51.

By putting his foot on the handcuffs the policeman then pressed/pushed the detainee’s hands and arms towards the floor, causing severe pain in the arms, shoulders and back. Several sources reported that threats were used to intimidate detainees. 50.

Torture is defined under its article 12 as: “any act which causes severe pain, whether physical or mental, to any other person, being an act, which is (a) Done for any of the following purposes that is to say (i) Obtaining from such other person or a third person, any information or confession; (ii) Punishing such other person for any act which he or a third person has committed, or is suspected of having committed; or (iii) Intimidating or coercing such other person or a third person; or done for any reason based on discrimination, and being in every case, an act which is done by, or at the instigation of, or with the consent or acquiescence of, a public officer or other person acting in an official capacity”. 25. (...) The Supreme Court has in its jurisprudence interpreted torture as “any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person by a public official acting in the discharge of his executive or administrative duties or under colour of office for such purposes as obtaining from the victim or a third person a confession or information, imposing a penalty on the victim … or coercing the victim or third person to do or refrain doing something”. 18 65.

Authorised restraint techniques The approved methods of restraint in young offender institutions and secure training centres do not meet internationally agreed standards, which prohibit the use of intentional pain. The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture recommended the discontinuation of the use of manual restraint based upon pain compliant methods. (...) 'Control and restraint' is a system that uses holds which can be intensified to cause pain. 'Physical control in care' authorises the use of distraction techniques such as the thumb technique. The UK government is currently rolling out a new system of restraint to be used across young offender institutions and secure training centres. However, pain-compliant techniques remain part of the new restraint system, and a new ‘mandibular angle technique’ has been introduced.

They include visible physical impairments, such as irreversible damage to the skin, nerves, hands, feet, limbs and eyes, and disfigurement, blindness, loss of sensation, chronic wounds and neuropathic pain. Many of these impairments and disabilities are aggravated by conditions related to old age, such as orthopaedic diseases, metabolic syndromes, cancer, depression and loss of cognitive functions.

Joint submissions: JS1 Joint submission 1 submitted by: Fondation Pain d'Espoir (Bread of Hope Foundation), Génération Justice (GENEJ), Centre d'Encadrement des Personnes à Besoins Spéciaux (Center for the Care of Persons with Special Needs), Haiti; JS2 Joint submission 2 submitted by: La Coalisation des Organisations des Droits Humains de l’Artibonite (CODHA), Haiti; JS3 Joint submission 3 submitted by. (...) (JAI) submission page 7. 12 For the relevant recommendations, see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.110-115.115 13 La Coalition des organisations haïtiennes des droits humains pour l'EPU (COHADH-EPU) – JS3 page 4. 14 Contribution de Défenseurs Plus, page 10. 15 L’Organisation des Citoyens pour une Nouvelle Haïti (OCNH) page 5. 16 For relevant recommendations see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.72-115.115.81, 115.116-115.126. 17 La Coalition des organisations haïtiennes des droits humains pour l'EPU (COHADH-EPU) – JS3 page 7. 18 Combite pour la Paix et le Développement (CPD) page 6. 19 RNDDH submission para 136. 20 L’Organisation des Citoyens pour une Nouvelle Haïti (OCNH), page 4. 21 The Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (“BAI”) and the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti (“IJDH”) submission- JS 8. 22 Rapport d’Enquete de la Plate-forme des Femmes Organisées pour le Développement de l’Artibonite (PLAFODA). 23 Rapport d’Enquete de la Plate-forme des Femmes Organisées pour le Développement de l’Artibonite (PLAFODA). 24 Rapport de la Confédération Syndicale Internationale (CSI). 25 Rapport de la Confédération Syndicale Internationale (CSI). 26 Rapport de la Confédération Syndicale Internationale (CSI). 27 Rapport de la Confédération Syndicale Internationale (CSI). 28 For the relevant recommendations, see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.145-115.152. 29 Helvetas Haïti et avec des Organisations de la Société Civile (OSC) travaillant sur la thématique de l'eau, assainissement et hygiène (WASH), JS7 para 28. 30 Helvetas Haïti et avec des Organisations de la Société Civile (OSC) travaillant sur la thématique de l'eau, assainissement et hygiène (WASH), JS 7 paras 30-32. 31 For the relevant recommendations, see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.153-115.155. 32 Rapport de la Ligue Haïtienne des Droits de l’Homme, JS 9. 33 Rapport de la Ligue Haïtienne des Droits de l’Homme, JS 9. 34 La Coalisation des Organisations des Droits Humains de l’Artibonite (CODHA), JS2 page 8. 35 Edmund Rice International submission- JS5. 36 For the relevant recommendations, see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.156-115.162. 37 La coalition d’organisations haïtiennes et régionales de la société civile sur la situation du droit à l’éducation, JS 6 paras 40-43. 38 La coalition d’organisations haïtiennes et régionales de la société civile sur la situation du droit à l’éducation, JS 6 para 44. 39 La coalition d’organisations haïtiennes et régionales de la société civile sur la situation du droit à l’éducation, JS 6 para 30. 40 For relevant recommendations see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.82-115.97. 41 Fondation Pain d'Espoir (Bread of Hope Foundation), Génération Justice (GENEJ), Centre d'Encadrement des Personnes à Besoins Spéciaux (Center for the Care of Persons with Special Needs) - JS1, pages 5-6. 42 La Coalisation des Organisations des Droits Humains de l’Artibonite (CODHA), JS2 page 7. A/HRC/WG.6/40/HTI/3 GE.21-15708 10 43 La Coalisation des Organisations des Droits Humains de l’Artibonite (CODHA), JS2 page 7. 44 Combite pour la Paix et le Développement (CPD) page 3. 45 For relevant recommendations see A/HRC/34/14, paras. 115.98-115. 109. 46 Fondation Pain d'Espoir (Bread of Hope Foundation), Génération Justice (GENEJ), Centre d'Encadrement des Personnes à Besoins Spéciaux (Center for the Care of Persons with Special Needs) - JS1, page 4. 47 Fondation Pain d'Espoir (Bread of Hope Foundation), Génération Justice (GENEJ), Centre d'Encadrement des Personnes à Besoins Spéciaux (Center for the Care of Persons with Special Needs) - JS1, page 5. 48 Fondation Pain d'Espoir (Bread of Hope Foundation), Génération Justice (GENEJ), Centre d'Encadrement des Personnes à Besoins Spéciaux (Center for the Care of Persons with Special Needs) - JS1, pages 7 and 9. 49 European Centre for Law and Justice (ECLJ), paras 11-14. 50 European Centre for Law and Justice (ECLJ), paras 11-14. 51 European Centre for Law and Justice (ECLJ), paras 11-14. 52 Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, JS4 page 2. 53 Rapport présenté par l’Organisation des Enfants Chrétiens Haïtiens (OECH), page 5.

“Cohort protocol: The Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study”, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology; Clare, P., Bradford, D., Courtney, R., Martire, K. and Mattick, R.P. (...) (in press – accepted 6 November 2014). “The Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study: Characteristics of a cohort using opioids to manage chronic non-cancer pain. Pain”. موعة خمتارة من ا وا ز واملنيف االســتراتيجية الوونيــة ملكافحــة املخــدرات، منحــة إدارة امــدمات ادنســانية والصــحة: التعــداد ات الووث الثالث لسال امدمات من وكاالت امدمات العالجيـة مـن املخـدرات أو املشـروب دوالراو؛ املشروس املمول من املركز الووث لبحـوغ 96 022الكحولية، إ متيك ر.

Article 4 contains a legal sanctions clause by which physical or mental pain inherent in legal punishments do not fall under the definition of torture. (...) The same punishment is foreseen in case a public servant incites, orders, forces or authorizes a third person or makes use of him or her to inflict serious pain or suffering on a person, whether physical or psychological; or does not prevent such pain or suffering from being inflicted on a person in custody. (...) Another victim complained about pain in his thumb and forefinger as a result of the prolonged tight application of handcuffs.

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