The rationale for any regulatory
response to new technologies should be grounded in the impact on consumers, societies, market
players and investment flows as well as on national development as a whole.
v. (...) Policy and regulation should focus on building trust and engagement: Collaborative regulation
provides the space for co-creating win-win propositions, working towards regulatory objectives
while increasing the engagement of industry. (...) These instruments can also enable market players to reflect on their performance and impact on the
economy and development, and engage in self-regulation.
3.
Language:English
Score: 1063484.4
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/C...9/Documents/GSR19_BPG_V2_E.pdf
Data Source: un
Cruz_Set of suggestions for GARD Country.ppt
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
Set of suggestions on GARD Country
Dr Alvaro Cruz, Medical Officer
Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion
World Health Organization GARD General Meeting, Istanbul, 30-31 May 2008
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
Perspecives for GARD
• GARD has been very successful in raising awareness and advocating for action, it is time to scale up prevention and control
• To achieve tangible, quick and sustainable results we need: – action at country level
– multisectoral partnerships reproduced at country level
– focus on integrated prevention and control of chronic diseases in primary care
• Principles for country alliances – key players among multiple stakeholders
– “relative freedom” from WHO rule
– to agree upon an action plan, result oriented
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
• GARD has been very successful in raising awareness and advocating for action, it is time to scale up prevention and control
• To achieve tangible, quick and sustainable results we need: – world wide action at country level
– multisectoral partnerships reproduced at country level
– focus on integrated prevention and control of chronic diseases in primary care
• Principles for country alliances – key players among multiple stakeholders
– “relative freedom” from WHO rule
– to agree upon an action plan, result oriented
Perspecives for GARD
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
• GARD focuses on the needs of countries
• and fosters country-specific initiatives tailored to local conditions
A global alliance working at country level
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
GARD Country
• Interested parties may constitute a country alliance with the aim of pursuing GARD goal and objectives
• This can be called Country Group for GARD (GARD Country)
• It would provide local coordination, momentum and capacity to scale up surveillance, prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases
• It shall support the development and implementation of the chronic respiratory diseases component of national action plans against noncommunicable diseases.
(...) A
comprehensive approach”
to the local situation.
Objective
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
GARD proposed approach
– Coordination of existing activities and exchanging relevant information
– Estimate of population needs on chronic respiratory diseases
– Advocacy against chronic respiratory diseases
– Planning intervention projects on prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
GARD Country leadership
GARD Country initiator is a person or an organization that develops the idea and takes the first step in formulating the approach of building an alliance at country level
The core group of interested parties is the group of
parties that is the most interested in the proposal and
gathers with GARD Country initiator
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
Other key players
• Ministry of Health: – GARD Country initiator consults the MOH about the proposal to create a GARD
Country
– If supportive, MOH designates a focal point for GARD Country
• WHO (at all levels): – WHO HQ/GARD secretariat and WHO Country Office are informed by GARD
Country initiator
– WHO HQ/GARD secretariat should inform WHO Regional Office and WHO Country Office
• GARD – General Meeting is kept informed on the development of GARD Countries through
reports by GARD Country initiators/coordinators and endorses (or not) them
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
Process
Initiator
Core group of interested parties
Ministry of Health
ONE World Health Organization
Headquarters
Regional Office
Country Office GARD General MeetingCoordinator
Related
Ministries
CRD and
public
health
experts
Professional
Associations
Patient
Groups
NGOs
Educational
Sector
Multilateral
Bilateral
Agencies
Communities,
churches,
religious
leaders
Private sector,
media
GARD
Country
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
www.who.int/gard
Steps to develop a GARD Country
1.
Language:English
Score: 1063442.9
-
https://www.who.int/gard/news_...t_suggestions_gard_country.pdf
Data Source: un
FDI, Remittances and Net ODA towards Latin America and the Caribbean (in percent of GDP)
4%
5%
6%
FDI
Source: on the basis of WDI, World Bank
03%
01%
00% 0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
19 70
19 72
19 74
19 76
19 78
19 80
19 82
19 84
19 86
19 88
19 90
19 92
19 94
19 96
19 98
20 00
20 02
20 04
20 06
20 08
20 10
20 12
6
remittances
ODA
Portfolio flows have at times been a relevant source of finance for the region but they have been volatile and during the nineties they were highly procyclical…
02%
02%
03%
03%
4%
6%
8%
Real GDP, yoy % change, left axis Private portfolio flows, net, in % of GDP (right axis)
7 Source: on the basis of WEO, IMF
-02%
-01%
-01%
00%
01%
01%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
19 80
19 81
19 82
19 83
19 84
19 85
19 86
19 87
19 88
19 89
19 90
19 91
19 92
19 93
19 94
19 95
19 96
19 97
19 98
19 99
20 00
20 01
20 02
20 03
20 04
20 05
20 06
20 07
20 08
20 09
20 10
20 11
20 12
20 13
Even though a larger mobilization of private resources could be potentially beneficial, some very important issues arise from a financing for development perspective…
Public and private flows obey a different logic and respond to different incentives
Private capital mostly driven by the profit motive (economic profitability) o Private sector will under-invest in certain areas relevant for
development if the expected return -on a risk adjusted basis- underperforms other investment opportunities
Public resources play a unique role, providing financing for sectors that do not attract private flows sufficiently (social profitability)
But there is also space and mechanisms for public policies to gear private capital towards development objectives o Requires an adequate regulatory environment and incentive scheme
Public and private flows obey a different logic and respond to different incentives
Private capital mostly driven by the profit motive (economic profitability) o Private sector will under-invest in certain areas relevant for
development if the expected return -on a risk adjusted basis- underperforms other investment opportunities
Public resources play a unique role, providing financing for sectors that do not attract private flows sufficiently (social profitability)
But there is also space and mechanisms for public policies to gear private capital towards development objectives o Requires an adequate regulatory environment and incentive scheme
New trends in financing sources have been accompanied by changes in the players channeling this finance…
Some players have the potential to increase their relevance in the financing for development landscape
Private philanthropy
o At the global level it now amounts to nearly US$ 60 billion per year, equivalent to almost half the net ODA disbursed in one year by DAC donor countries
South-South cooperation and non-DAC donor countries
Private and public institutional investors: Pension Funds, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds, Sovereign Wealth Funds, etc.
oWith growing assets under management and the potential to provide long-term financing they can become important players in development finance
Some players have the potential to increase their relevance in the financing for development landscape
Private philanthropy
o At the global level it now amounts to nearly US$ 60 billion per year, equivalent to almost half the net ODA disbursed in one year by DAC donor countries
South-South cooperation and non-DAC donor countries
Private and public institutional investors: Pension Funds, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds, Sovereign Wealth Funds, etc.
oWith growing assets under management and the potential to provide long-term financing they can become important players in development finance
Consistently with these trends, mechanisms and instruments for development finance have also been changing…
New initiatives that use limited public concessional resources (grants) to leverage sizeable non-concessional resources (loans)
Eg. (...) Latin American Investment Facility (LAIF), 2010 o Its primary objective is to finance key infrastructure projects in transport,
energy, social and environmental sectors in LAC region
o Uses limited funds (grants) contributed by the European Commission to leverage sizable loans from multilateral or bilateral public European Development Finance Institutions, Regional Latin American Development Banks and own contributions from partner countries in Latin America.
o Since its inception (in 2010), grant contributions amounted to aprox. € 160 million, leveraging total new investments of about € 4.2 billion (i.e. 26 euros raised for every euro contributed by LAIF)
Consistently with these trends, mechanisms and instruments for development finance have also been changing… (cont.)
New initiatives that use public resources to mobilize private investment towards development objectives
Eg. (...) In summary…
• The financing for sustainable development architecture faces important future challenges Take charge of a widening set of development objectives
and priorities While at the same time being articulated in a coherent and
orderly way
Take charge of policy issues that arise from the growing importance of private financing
Take charge of the necessary balance that should be maintained between foreign and domestic resource mobilization
• The financing for sustainable development architecture faces important future challenges Take charge of a widening set of development objectives
and priorities While at the same time being articulated in a coherent and
orderly way
Take charge of policy issues that arise from the growing importance of private financing
Take charge of the necessary balance that should be maintained between foreign and domestic resource mobilization
Language:English
Score: 1062524.8
-
https://www.cepal.org/sites/de.../news/files/2.d.titelman-2.pdf
Data Source: un
First, we have committed to an ambitious policy
objective: to support partner countries in reducing
the number of children with stunting by at least 7
million by 2025. Our nutrition policy framework has
been built around this key objective.
Second, to back up this objective with proper
funding, we have pledged to allocate 3.5 billion euros
to nutrition between now and 2020In addition, we
have recently developed a Nutrition Action Plan
setting out our strategic priorities for using these
funds.
(...) I want to
thank the FAO and WHO, two of the major players
in this fight, for accepting the challenge of convening
this Second International Conference on Nutrition.
Language:English
Score: 1059919.7
-
https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/.../doc/201119_European_Union.pdf
Data Source: un
Objectives | Peste des petits ruminants | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAO.org
العربية
中文
english
français
Русский
Español
Peste des petits ruminants
Background
Global Programme
Current situation
Resources
News and events
Objectives
Stepwise approach
Components
Programme objectives
The PPR GEP lays the foundation for eradicating PPR by first reducing its prevalence in the countries currently infected. (...) Over the five years of the programme, national VS will become key players in its successful implementation. Where appropriate, the programme will additionally support activities to reduce the prevalence of other prioritized small ruminant diseases (SRD), in particular those with the best chance of boosting the PPR GEP’s objectives.
Language:English
Score: 1059608.5
-
https://www.fao.org/ppr/global-programme/objectives/en/
Data Source: un
Output 2: Key role players have stronger capacities to effectively participate in the constitutional review process (...) This contributed of key players to agree on the roles of each player and endorsed and
signed the MoU for completion of the constitution review process by 2019.
(...) MoCA conducted a second forum in Mogadishu in Q3 (21‐22 September 2017) which was attended by the Ministries
of Constitutional Affairs of the FMS and other key players in the regions. The objectives of this forum were to
introduce and exchange views, and to build a common understanding regarding the constitutional review process
among the new Ministries of Constitutional Affairs of Puntland, South West, and Galmudug.
Language:English
Score: 1059352.5
-
https://www.undp.org/sites/g/f...caecf055845b2045165512da38.pdf
Data Source: un
Thus, young football players will have a better knowledge of the means at their disposal to build a professional project in good conditions.
(...) Unfortunately for every great success, there are many migrant players who see their dreams shattered because they can't get into a professional club and have to give up top-level sport," said Didier Drogba.
(...) While in rare cases the migration of young players leads to a successful career in football, many end up at clubs with very few resources, or are forced to seek work in other sectors for which they are poorly prepared or trained.
Language:English
Score: 1057467.9
-
www.ilo.org/global/abou...WCMS_857588/lang--en/index.htm
Data Source: un
Thus, young football players will have a better knowledge of the means at their disposal to build a professional project in good conditions.
(...) Unfortunately for every great success, there are many migrant players who see their dreams shattered because they can't get into a professional club and have to give up top-level sport," said Didier Drogba.
(...) While in rare cases the migration of young players leads to a successful career in football, many end up at clubs with very few resources, or are forced to seek work in other sectors for which they are poorly prepared or trained.
Language:English
Score: 1057467.9
-
https://www.ilo.org/global/abo...WCMS_857588/lang--en/index.htm
Data Source: un
And in particular, what role must each player take on in order to ensure that this strategy produces positive results that are acceptable to all parties? (...) It is clear that the gap between the developing and developed countries is widening in the area of telecommunications, particularly where new technologies are concerned. Moreover, the players in question are expressing new expectations. (...) ITU must thus be the intermediary, facilitating contact among all the players. Its involvement in specific projects amounts to a guarantee and ensures the project continuity which keeps private and public investors happy.
Language:English
Score: 1057295
-
https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/stud...G1/Documents/1999/000/065e.doc
Data Source: un
Document 11, Nae Chan Lee, KISDI, Korea
1
Korea Information Society Development Institute
Broadband service operational issues: Broadband service operational issues:
landscape and policy frameworklandscape and policy framework
May 2, 2001
Nae-Chan Lee
Regulatory Implications of Broadband WorkshopRegulatory Implications of Broadband Workshop
International Telecommunications UnionInternational Telecommunications Union
ContentsContents
Broadband Service and Access Networks Broadband Service and Access Networks
Objectives of Players Objectives of Players
Firms: Opportunities and Threats Firms: Opportunities and Threats
Regulatory Frameworks: Regulatory Frameworks: QoSQoS & LLU, Open Access& LLU, Open Access
KKoreanorean and Evolutionary Modelsand Evolutionary Models
Actors in the Broadband Service MarketActors in the Broadband Service Market
■ Residential Users
■ Firms • Internet Access Providers (IAPs) • Internet Service Providers (ISPs) • Contents Providers (CPs)
■ Policy-maker
■ National Regulatory Authorities(NRAs)
Comparison: Broadband and DialComparison: Broadband and Dial--up up
Access Networks Speed Joint Use Charges
Dial-up Local loop,Local Switch Up to 56
Kbps No Usage-based, (Access only)
ADSL Local Loop Up to 8 MbpsDownstream Yes Flat-rate
(incl. (...) Internet)
Network Configuration: ADSLNetwork Configuration: ADSL
Control Office :Apartment complex
Copper ADSLCopper ADSL
Control Office
CopperSplitter
1472
INTERNET
PSTN
DSLAM Splitter Router
Modem
Wire Center
MDFMDFMDFMDF
Core NetworkComplexComplexComplexComplex Local Loop
Local Switch
Fiber ADSLFiber ADSL
Splitter
1472
INTERNET
PSTN
COT ATMRouter
Modem
Data Center
Fiber
RT
Core NetworkComplexComplexComplexComplex Local Loop
Local Switch
MDF
MDFMDFMDFMDF
DSLAM Splitter
Network Configuration: Cable Modems Network Configuration: Cable Modems
Cable Modems Cable Modems
1472
INTERNET
Fiber
Modem
Splitter
ONU
광전송 장비
CMTS
광전송 장비
광전송 장비
Router
Router
Head-end: SO Data Center: IAP or ISP
Core NetworkComplexComplexComplexComplex Local Loop
FiberCoaxial
Document 11, Nae Chan Lee, KISDI, Korea
2
Different Objectives of Different Players Different Objectives of Different Players
■ Residential Users • lower charges and higher speeds
■ Firms • Profit maximization
■ Policy-maker • Advancing the advent of the Informatization Society
■ National Regulatory Authorities • Guaranteeing fair competition and protecting consumers’ right
• Preventing duplication of facilities
■ Pattern of Growth: S-Shaped Logistic Function
• Phase I: Launch -- High cost and retail charges hinder the rollout of the marketHigh cost and retail charges hinder the rollout of the market -- External subsidies and lowering usersExternal subsidies and lowering users’’ subscription barriers subscription barriers
may be necessary to reach critical massmay be necessary to reach critical mass •• e.g., local charge, handset subsidies, subscription fee discounte.g., local charge, handset subsidies, subscription fee discount
• Phase II: Takeoff - Temporary shortage in supply soon after passing critical massTemporary shortage in supply soon after passing critical mass -- Competition spurs market growth Competition spurs market growth
• Phase III: Landing - Subscribers and revenues are being saturatedSubscribers and revenues are being saturated
Rise and Fall of the Market: General Principle IRise and Fall of the Market: General Principle I
Phase I Phase II Phase III
Time
Revenue
Subscriber
Rise and Fall of the Market: General Principle IIRise and Fall of the Market: General Principle II
■ Migration between existing & emerging services
• As technology advances, emerging services evolve containing functions of the existing service
- voice, speedier data service with abundant contents, more value- added services
• Although the emerging service may superior, churning does not occur since price is too high in Phase I
• Competition ignited in Phase II tips suddenly - Mobile Service versus Paging and CT-2 Service - Broadband versus Dial-up
Subscriptions in Korea (million)Subscriptions in Korea (million)
-
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000
Fixed Mobile Paging
Categorization of Costs Categorization of Costs
■ Local service • Traffic Sensitive(TS) vs.
Language:English
Score: 1055428.3
-
https://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni...workshop/presentations/lee.pdf
Data Source: un