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Although the signing in 1991 of the Bicessé Accords was seen as marking the end of 16 years of post-independence conflict between rival political movements and their cold war sponsors, the rejection by the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) of the results of the 1992 Bicessé-sanctioned elections, which it lost to the Movement for the Popular Liberation of Angola (MPLA), resulted in a further two years of armed conflict during which 1.3 to 2 million Angolans fled, or were forced from, their homes, mostly to provincial centres or the capital, Luanda.

Falun Gong practitioners The Chinese Government has treated the communication with the utmost seriousness and conducted diligent inquiries into the matters it raises. As much of the information given on individual cases and places of detention is not detailed, however, there is no means of checking it.

Unfortunately, this does not serve the purpose of the Report, which is supposed to reflect the concerns on human rights instead of political considerations and raises concerns over its impartiality. It should A/HRC/25/G/21 7 GE.14-12748 also be duly noted that the problem regarding the maintenance of cultural heritage is not an issue that is only affecting North Cyprus but the Island as a whole.

If this offence is perpetrated against a child or a juvenile, the perpetrator may be punished by imprisonment for between 1 and 10 years, which is less than in the case of trafficking in children under article 186, where the sentence prescribed is E/CN.4/2006/62/Add.2 Page 14 no less than 5 years. The definition also raises the issue of how to treat international recruitment for the purpose of other forms of exploitation - such as forced begging or labour exploitation - which is not addressed by the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 45.

GE.16-15885(A)  مجلس حقوق اإلنسان الدورة الثالثة والثالثون من جدول األعمال 3 البند واالقتصادية

In the light of the international human rights obligations and commitments that Norway has assumed with respect to the Sami people, including the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), the Minerals Act raises doubts about the State’s ability to respect, protect and fulfil human rights in the context of extractive activities. It also raises doubts as to whether the State is setting out clearly the expectation that all business enterprises respect human rights throughout their operations.

Furthermore, article 257, which addresses the creation and management of and participation in a terrorist group, has broader consequences when the group in question is a civil society association designated as extremist or terrorist, creating a layered and overlapping set of categories, which may infringe upon the rights to freedom of expression and association and have a disproportionate application.10 Finally, article 258 of the Criminal Code, which regulates the financing of terrorism, is wide and raises concerns of legal certainty. Given the Special Rapporteur’s concerns about the vagueness and practice of terrorism charging, __________ 6 Criminal Code, arts. 174, 179–182, 184, 258–260, 267 and 404–405. 7 Note the position of the Human Rights Committee in its general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression, para. 46, in which it stated that a precise definition of extremism offences was needed. 8 The crime carries a jail sentence of between 3 and 7 years and confiscation of property with heavier sentences for “leaders of public associations” of between 5 and 10 years. 9 Those found to have violated article 180 face a prison sentence of up to seven years, in addition to a fine. 10 Article 257 provides for heavier sentences for “leaders of public associations” of between 10 and 15 years.

The undefined and broad reference to “national interests” raises some concerns, for example that it may possibly allow restrictions to human rights beyond those provided for in international standards. (...) Internet Decree 72/2013, requiring Internet companies and providers to cooperate with the Government in enforcing the prohibition of certain content and the filtering of such content, raises particular concern in that respect. 58.

Indeed, according to various sources, the law has not stopped or decreased migration, but instead has pushed it underground and diverted the migration routes from the Niger to the north, through Chad and the Sudan, or to the Western Mediterranean route.20 In this respect, the Special Rapporteur observes that official and IOM data do not reflect the number of migrants who move on shifting routes as a consequence of tighter controls.21 The recourse of migrants to riskier routes also raises questions as to the effectiveness of the law as a means to protect the life of migrants and prevent deaths in the desert. (...) As a result, since 2014, 35,598 Nigerien migrants have been expelled from Algeria, and the number has increased steadily each year (from 1,354 in 2014 to 12,177 in the first nine months of 2018).29 These agreements are not public – apparently they are not even in writing, which raises serious concerns in terms of transparency and accountability. 40.

In some detention facilities, such as in the Northern Territory and in the Cleveland Youth Detention Centre in Queensland, indigenous children constitute an astonishing 90 per cent of the detainees, which prima facie raises concerns over racial discrimination in the administration of justice. 67.