Improving the satellite frequency assignments regulatory
procedures
These results have demonstrated once again the ITU ability to keep up with the pace of technological advancements and to timely respond to the urgent needs of the Membership
Main WRC‐15 key achievements
Structure
• Committee 1: Steering Committee • Committee 2: Credentials Committee • Committee 3: Budget Control Committee • Committee 4, 5 and 6: Specified Agenda Items Committees
• Committee 7: Editorial Committee
Committee 4 (mainly terrestrial issues) • Working Group 4A (Aeronautical and Radiolocation)
– Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.5 (SWG 4A1 a.i. 1.5) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.17 (SWG 4A2 a.i. 1.17) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.18 (SWG 4A3 a.i. 1.18) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item on Global Flight Tracking (GFT) (SWG 4A4 ‐ GFT)
• Working Group 4B (Maritime and Amateur) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.4 (SWG 4B1 a.i. 1.4) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.16 (SWG 4B2 a.i. 1.16) – Agenda item 1.15 (to consider spectrum demands for on‐board communication stations in the maritime
mobile service in accordance with Resolution 358 (WRC 12) will be treated directly at the working group level.
• Working Group 4C (Mobile and PPDR) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.1 (SWG 4C1 a.i. 1.1) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.2 (SWG 4C2 a.i. 1.2) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda items 1.3 and 9.1; 9.1.7 (SWG 4C3 a.i. 1.3, issue 9.1.7)
Committee 5 (mainly satellite issues) • Working Group 5A (Space Science)
– Plenary to deal with Agenda items 1.13, 5 (Resolution (Rev.WRC‐03) 74) and relevant parts of 9.2 – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.11 (SWG 5A1 a.i. 1.11) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.12 (SWG 5A2 a.i. 1.12) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with Agenda item 1.14 (SWG 5A3 a.i. 1.14)
• Working Group 5B (Satellite Allocation) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.6 (SWG 5B1 a.i. 1.6) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.7 (SWG 5B2 a.i. 1.7) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.9.1 (SWG 5B3 a.i. 1.9.1) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.9.2 (SWG 5B4 a.i. 1.9.2) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.10 (SWG 5B5 a.i. 1.10)
• Working Group 5C (Satellite Regulatory Issues) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 1.8 (SWG 5C1 a.i. 1.8) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 7 and related parts of agenda items 9.2 and 9.3 (SWG 5C2 a.i. 7) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 9.1.2 (SWG 5C3 a.i. 9.1.2) – Sub‐Working Group to deal with agenda item 9.2 (SWG 5C4 a.i. 9.2)
Committee 6 • Working Group 6A (WG 6A General Issues)
– Sub‐Working Group 6A1 on WRC‐15 agenda items 2 and 4 (SWG 6A1 a.i. 2, 4 (IbR & Res. 95)) – Sub‐Working Group 6A2 on WRC‐15 agenda item 9.2*, Issues not related to satellite (SWG 6A2
a.i. 9.2.NSat)
• Working Group 6B (WG 6B Next WRC) – Agenda of future conferences, a.i. 6, 10 – 1 Ad‐Hoc Group (AHG) 6B1 – 2 Ad‐Hoc Group (AHG) 6B2 – 3 Ad‐Hoc Group (AHG) 6B3 – 4 Ad‐Hoc Group (AHG) 6B4
• Note: Contributions for WRC‐23 agenda considered separately
‐ Amateur radio: • New allocation in 5351.5 ‐ 5366.5 kHz, to maintain stable communications over
various distances, especially to attend disaster situations and for relief operations.
• ‐ Emergency communications and disaster relief • Identification of 694‐894 MHz to facilitate mobile broadband communications for
robust and reliable mission critical emergency services in public protection and disaster relief (PPDR), such as police, fire, ambulances and disaster response teams.
• ‐ Search and rescue • Reinforce protection to Search and Rescue beacons in 406‐406.1 MHz to uplink
search and rescue satellites, as the Cospas‐Sarsat system: as 12/2013, it provided assistance in rescuing over 37,000 persons in over 10,300 incidents worldwide.
• ‐ Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) • Further studies regarding current and potential future reference time‐scales,
including modification of UTC and suppressing “leap second”. (...) This will facilitate reporting the position of aircraft equipped with ADS‐B anywhere in the world, including oceanic, polar and other remote areas.
• ‐ Unmanned aircraft and wireless avionics systems • Opened the way to ICAO to develop worldwide standards for unmanned aircraft systems
(UAS), and identified regulatory conditions that may apply internationally. (...) sector=ITU-R
10
ITU Inter-Regional Workshops on WRC-19 Prep. • To be scheduled halfway through the preparatory cycle Presentation and review of the on-going preparatory
studies of the ITU-R responsible groups for CPM-19 Presentation of the organization, preliminary views,
draft priorities and positions of the regional groups
[1st Workshop [Nov.] 2017]
• To be scheduled few months prior to CPM19-2 Presentation of the Draft CPM Report to WRC-19
(explanation of the draft Methods to satisfy the WRC-19 agenda items) Presentation and review of the regional groups’draft
views, positions and common proposals
2 0
[2nd Workshop Q4 2018]
• To be scheduled few months prior to WRC-19 Presentation of the CPM & Dir.
Language:English
Score: 982815.8
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/R...R_Workshop_ITU_Opening_WRC.pdf
Data Source: un
The global corporate tax deal - an African perspective | United Nations Development Programme
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The global corporate tax deal - an African perspective
The global corporate tax deal - an African perspective
January 5, 2022
Changing attitudes towards taxation can only happen if tax systems are seen to be equitable, including appropriate taxation of large corporations as well as linking tax revenues to development outcomes like improved infrastructure, healthcare and education.
(...) The basic idea around the new deal is that inter-state tax competition will be limited to prevent a “race to the bottom”. (...) Implementing the global tax deal stipulates that countries would have to remove all unilateral DSTs and similar measures.
Language:English
Score: 981970.9
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https://www.undp.org/blog/glob...e-tax-deal-african-perspective
Data Source: un
WTO | News - 2003 News items - GENERAL COUNCIL: Chair wraps up: groups can restart, but still no deal on tough issues — General Council chair
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WTO NEWS: 2003 NEWS ITEMS
16 December 2003
GENERAL COUNCIL: FOLLOW-UP TO THE CANCÚN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE
Chair wraps up: groups can restart, but still no deal on tough issues
Members are willing to restart work in the negotiating groups, but there is still no major breakthrough, General Council Chairperson Carlos Pérez del Castillo said on 16 December 2003. (...) I rather see a pragmatic approach that more time is needed in order to deal with the unfinished business that our Ministers gave us in Cancún and that we have tried to implement over the last few weeks.
(...) There is a willingness to restart the work of the negotiating groups as well as other bodies which have to deal with the Doha agenda, on the understanding that restarting this work does not in any way mean losing an overview of the process or a sense of the horizontal integration of issues, which in my view remains an essential ingredient for success.
Language:English
Score: 975411
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https://www.wto.org/english/ne..._e/stat_gc_chair_16dec03_e.htm
Data Source: un
They can be very useful, or dreadful. Let's see how we can deal with them and avoid unnecessary tensions.
Dealing with Criticism - Constructively
While we may originally be feeling attacked or offended, and looking for revenge or a diversion, dealing properly with criticism may offer an opportunity for personal growth.
(...) Controlling difficult situations and dealing with them proactively and positively can be challenging.
Language:English
Score: 968735.7
-
https://www.un.org/ombudsman/resources/tips
Data Source: un
They can be very useful, or dreadful. Let's see how we can deal with them and avoid unnecessary tensions.
Dealing with Criticism - Constructively
While we may originally be feeling attacked or offended, and looking for revenge or a diversion, dealing properly with criticism may offer an opportunity for personal growth.
(...) Controlling difficult situations and dealing with them proactively and positively can be challenging.
Language:English
Score: 968735.7
-
https://www.un.org/ombudsman/node/814
Data Source: un
19
Changes to the Commentary on Article XX from the Tenth Session
• Addition of 8 paragraphs dealing with “beneficial owner” similar to provisions in Commentary on Article 11 with minor modifications
• Addition of paragraph about mode of taxation by State in which fees for technical services arise and procedural issues
20
Changes to the Commentary on Article XX from the Tenth Session
• Commentary on Article XX(3): – Paragraphs of Commentary on Article XX(3)
reordered
– New paragraphs added to deal with the exclusions in Article XX(3)(a)-(e)
– New paragraphs added to deal with the treatment of the reimbursement of expenses incurred in providing technical services
21
Changes to the Commentary on Article XX from the Tenth Session
• Commentary on Article XX(3): – Examples have been revised to reflect the
exclusions from Article XX
– Examples 1 and 2 with respect to heart surgeon show fees paid by individual for personal use are not fees for technical services, but fees paid by hospital or clinic to independent surgeon would be fees for technical services
22
Changes to the Commentary on Article XX from the Tenth Session
• New example 6 added dealing with mixed contract for use of intellectual property and services
• Example dealing with use of satellites deleted • Commentary on paragraph 7 of Article XX
added; (this new Commentary goes beyond the similar Commentary on Articles 10 – 12)
23
Outstanding Issues The Text of Article XX
• Should Articles 17 and 20 be referred to in Article XX(2) or just in the Commentary? (...) – Exclusion of fees paid by individuals for services for personal use is illustrated by Example 1
29
Outstanding Issues The Commentary
• Reimbursement of expenses: – Distinction between an allowance and
reimbursement – Commentary deals with 3 examples: 1. Reimbursement of expenses; no fees 2. (...) No reimbursement but fees – No single rule would be appropriate – Therefore, left to countries to deal with
30
Outstanding Issues The Commentary
• Explanation of definition of fees for technical services: – Application of specialized knowledge, skill or
expertise on behalf of client or transfer of specialized knowledge, skill or expertise to client
– Is this approach appropriate?
Language:English
Score: 966945.7
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https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-...s/2015/11/11STM_PPT_Arnold.pdf
Data Source: un
They can be very useful, or dreadful. Let's see how we can deal with them and avoid unnecessary tensions.
Dealing with Criticism - Constructively
While we may originally be feeling attacked or offended, and looking for revenge or a diversion, dealing properly with criticism may offer an opportunity for personal growth.
(...) Controlling difficult situations and dealing with them proactively and positively can be challenging.
Language:English
Score: 964686
-
https://www.un.org/ombudsman/build-your-skills
Data Source: un
They can be very useful, or dreadful. Let's see how we can deal with them and avoid unnecessary tensions.
Dealing with Criticism - Constructively
While we may originally be feeling attacked or offended, and looking for revenge or a diversion, dealing properly with criticism may offer an opportunity for personal growth.
(...) Controlling difficult situations and dealing with them proactively and positively can be challenging.
Language:English
Score: 964686
-
https://www.un.org/ombudsman/node/787
Data Source: un
• focus on aspects particularly relevant • talk to your business people who have deals/investments in
that country
• Know their treaty policy: • review recent and “key” treaties as well as treaties with
countries similar to yours • how firm is their policy?
(...) • Order - where to start and how to proceed • Who leads the discussion • Maintaining an accurate working draft
• reading back agreed drafting • use of square brackets
• Dealing with linked provisions and issues
© OECD August 2012
PROCESS OF DISCUSSING AN ITEM
1. (...) – don’t be put off if they do not
accept your brilliant argument straight away, their response may be linked to other issues
6. Close a deal before it is lost or before they change their mind
© OECD August 2012
ARGUMENTS: WE WANT THIS BECAUSE…
• Common arguments why your position is preferred: • The policy/logic argument • Precedent • Anti – abuse • Not effective • Revenue • Firm policy
© OECD August 2012
Policy/logic argument
• Plays on reason and sound policy • Often based on economic arguments • Can be based on mutual benefit (we will both
benefit because …)
© OECD August 2012
Precedent
• Many strands • Reference to UN or OECD Models to
enhance credibility of your position • Reference to other treaties for:
• credibility • to show they have given it to others (why not to
us?)
Language:English
Score: 959373.8
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https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-...tion_PartingtonNegotiation.pdf
Data Source: un
The Dismissal of the Application The federal anti-monopoly body is entitled to dismiss the application for a preliminary
consent to the implementation of the deals specified in Article 16 of the present Federal Law if
the satisfaction of the application could lead to the occurrence or enhancement of a dominating position of the parties to the deals and to the limitation of competition on the financial services market. (...) The federal anti-monopoly body may satisfy the application for a preliminary consent to the implementation of the deals specified in Article 16 of the present Federal Law in the following cases:
if the parties to the deal, given the possibility of the limitation of competition on a financial services market, manage to prove that the positive effect of the deals including social and economic effect is going to exceed the negative consequences for the financial services market;
if the parties to the deal manage to prove that the ownership of the shares (stakes in the authorized capital) of the financial organization is related exclusively to receiving earnings from them. (...) The federal anti-monopoly body is not entitled to demand that the parties to the deals provide other documents and information.
Upon the scrutiny of the notice and all the necessary documents the federal anti-monopoly body shall within 30 days after the receipt of all the necessary information, if signs are available that the deals of which it has been notified can lead to the occurrence or enhancement of a dominating position of a financial organization, limitation of competition, adopt a substantiated decision to recognize the deals either as lawful or as limiting competition on the financial services market and shall forward the decision to the applicant.
3.
Language:English
Score: 959237.2
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https://www.wto.org/english/th.../rus_e/WTACCRUS33A1_LEG_20.pdf
Data Source: un