Promoting contraception choice for every individual
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(...)
“ Contraception is all about choice. As practitioners and advocates we must ask, ‘How do you make that choice come alive? (...) The variety in preferences in family planning vary across cultures.
Language:English
Score: 1344324
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https://www.who.int/news/item/...on-choice-for-every-individual
Data Source: un
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https://www.icao.int/Meetings/...C2012-ExhibitorBookingForm.doc
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WHO | Rural practice preferences among medical students in Ghana: a discrete choice experiment
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Rural practice preferences among medical students in Ghana: a discrete choice experiment
WHO Bulletin
Authors : Margaret E Kruk, Jennifer C Johnson, Mawuli Gyakobo, Peter Agyei-Baffour, Kwesi Asabir, S Rani Kotha, Janet Kwansah, Emmanuel Nakua, Rachel C Snow, Mawuli Dzodzomenyo
Publication details
Number of pages : 9
Publication date : 2010
Languages : English
Downloads
English
This study was conducted in Ghana using Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) among all the fourth year medical students to determine how various job attributes and incentive packages influence their job preferences for hypothetical rural and remote area posting.
Language:English
Score: 1328345.3
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https://www.who.int/workforcea.../inequaldistribution_ghana/en/
Data Source: un
Instead, health workers behave
as economic actors with clear preferences and reactions to labor market forces and respond
strategically and purposefully to policy changes. (...) How to Recruit and Retain Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas in
Developing Countries: Using the Discrete Choice Experiment to Inform Policy Design
and Implementation
Sunday, 10 November | 11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
(...) The
discrete choice experiment is an effective method to measure health workers’ preferences and
predict job uptake in order to develop context-specific attraction and recruitment strategies.
Language:English
Score: 1275751.4
-
https://www.who.int/workforcea.../2013/SE13_SE28_invitation.pdf
Data Source: un
Quasi- judicial
74%
Political 24%
Judicial 2%
post-1995
Quasi- judicial
20%
Political 63%
Judicial 17%
pre-1995
Regional characteristics
• Strong preference in some geographic regions for certain DSM models
• In the Americas, quasi-judicial model is preferred
• In Europe, with the exception of Turkey’s RTAs with Balkan countries, quasi-judicial model predominates
Regional characteristics
• In Asia, quasi-judicial model is preferred (except in west Asia where political model is used)
• In CIS, clear preference for the political model
• In Africa, more or less even split between the quasi-judicial and judicial models
RTA-DSMs – nuts and bolts analysis
Issues examined
• Jurisdictional scope
• Forum-related provisions
• Standing
• Consultations
• Adjudicating bodies (composition, qualifications, nationality requirements)
• Interim Review
RTA-DSMs – nuts and bolts analysis
Issues examined
• Appellate review
• Duration of adjudicatory process
• Implementation, compliance and remedies
• Transparency
• Third parties
• Role of political bodies and administrative secretariats
• Special and differential treatment
• Costs
RTA-DSMs - appraisal of the universe
• Preference for quasi-judicial model
• Low degree of institutionalization
• Regulation of RTA-WTO interface
• Replication of WTO panel procedures
• The paradox of RTA-DSMs
RTA-DSMs and WTO-DSM
Limited departures from the DSU
• Panel composition
• Remedies
• Transparency
• Timeframes
RTA-DSMs and WTO-DSM
RTA-DSMs – the paradox
• Low levels of DS activity under RTA-DSMs with few exceptions.
• WTO Members “continue to use the WTO dispute settlement system to resolve disagreements with their PTA partners.” (WTR, 2011)
Causal explanations of forum choice
Explicit deferral to the WTO for some subject areas – SPS, TBT, trade remedies; intellectual property
More familiarity with WTO-DSM rules (Porges, 2011; Van den Bossche and Lewis, 2013);
Large body of WTO case law that ensures predictability of jurisprudence (Van den Bossche and Lewis, 2013);
Relative reputational costs of non-compliance with WTO rulings and PTA rulings (Davey, 2006);
Causal explanations of forum choice
Relative value of creating legal precedent at the multilateral level vs bilateral or plurilateral levels (Busch, 2007);
RTA-DSMs are inherently designed as a “second best” option – a bulwark against the remote, yet real possibility of multilateral failure (Froese, 2014)
THANK YOU
Language:English
Score: 1262321.6
-
https://www.wto.org/english/re...t14_e/presentation_dispu_e.pdf
Data Source: un
.
· Hospitality Events
From the Hospitality Events table (see the Sponsorship Information document) identify the hospitality slot number, corresponding sponsor category and name of the hospitality event in order of preference.
Preference
Hospitality Slot Number/Category/Event
1st choice
Hospitality Slot number: _____ Sponsor category: ____________________
Hospitality event: _______________________________________________
2nd choice
Hospitality Slot number: _____ Sponsor category: ____________________
Hospitality event: _______________________________________________
3rd choice
Hospitality Slot number: _____ Sponsor category: ____________________
Hospitality event: _______________________________________________
· Delegate Bag
Indicate in the box that you are requesting the delegate bag sponsorship privilege (see the Sponsorship Information document):
· Promotional Material Distribution
Indicate in the box that you are requesting the Promotional Material Distribution sponsorship privilege (see the Sponsorship Information document):
3.
Language:English
Score: 1261353.3
-
https://www.icao.int/Meetings/...IAS2014-SponsorBookingForm.doc
Data Source: un
People might lack information what is healthy, the available accessible food does not correspond to personal preferences, or people are ‘nudged’ into food choices that are not good for them and satisfy hedonistic needs or demands induced out of interests from other food system actors, thus replacing healthier food choices or food choices that correspond better to their un-influenced preferences. (...) We are not in favor of the expression of ‘free choices’ which has a (neo)liberal connotation that hides that being well-informed and free of manipulations is the precondition of real ‘free choice’.
(...) Agency: Having the capacity to make food choices that respect the personal self-determined and well-informed preferences on what they eat and how that food is produced, processed, distributed and prepared.
Language:English
Score: 1259251.8
-
https://www.fao.org/fsnforum/ru/comment/4358
Data Source: un
People might lack information what is healthy, the available accessible food does not correspond to personal preferences, or people are ‘nudged’ into food choices that are not good for them and satisfy hedonistic needs or demands induced out of interests from other food system actors, thus replacing healthier food choices or food choices that correspond better to their un-influenced preferences. (...) We are not in favor of the expression of ‘free choices’ which has a (neo)liberal connotation that hides that being well-informed and free of manipulations is the precondition of real ‘free choice’.
(...) Agency: Having the capacity to make food choices that respect the personal self-determined and well-informed preferences on what they eat and how that food is produced, processed, distributed and prepared.
Language:English
Score: 1259251.8
-
https://www.fao.org/fsnforum/index.php/fr/comment/4358
Data Source: un
People might lack information what is healthy, the available accessible food does not correspond to personal preferences, or people are ‘nudged’ into food choices that are not good for them and satisfy hedonistic needs or demands induced out of interests from other food system actors, thus replacing healthier food choices or food choices that correspond better to their un-influenced preferences. (...) We are not in favor of the expression of ‘free choices’ which has a (neo)liberal connotation that hides that being well-informed and free of manipulations is the precondition of real ‘free choice’.
(...) Agency: Having the capacity to make food choices that respect the personal self-determined and well-informed preferences on what they eat and how that food is produced, processed, distributed and prepared.
Language:English
Score: 1259251.8
-
https://www.fao.org/fsnforum/index.php/comment/4358
Data Source: un
