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Demands that all armed groups cease immediately all forms of violence and other destabilising activities, the illegal exploitation and trafficking of natural resources, and further demands that their members immediately and permanently disband, lay down their arms, reject violence, end and prevent violations perpetrated against children and release children from their ranks, recalls in this regard that recruitment and use of children in armed conflict in the DRC may lead to sanctions under paragraph 7(d) of resolution 2293 (2016); 14. Notes that the elimination of the threat posed by armed groups requires an integrated regional approach and strong political engagement by the governments of DRC, SADC and the Great Lakes region to further seize on the positive regional momentum, in close coordination with MONUSCO and the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes, underscores that there can be no purely military solutions to these problems, welcomes the renewed commitments of the DRC and its neighbours to work together to tackle insecurity in Eastern DRC and to promote long lasting regional development expressed during the recent Quadripartite meetings and Goma Summit, bearing in mind the need to address the root causes of conflict, including the illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources and put an end to recurring cycles of violence, as outlined in the PSC Framework, reaffirms that the PSC Framework remains an essential mechanism to achieve durable peace and stability in the DRC and the Region recalls the commitments undertaken by the region under the PSC Framework not to tolerate nor provide assistance or support of any kind to armed groups, urges the signatory States, with the support of the PSC Framework Guarantors, to strengthen their collaboration in addressing appropriately and holistically the threat of all remaining foreign armed groups in the DRC and the illicit flow of weapons in the region, fully supports the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes in fulfilling his mandate to address the remaining challenges in implementation of the PSC Framework and to promote peace and stability in the region, including through good offices, coordinated strategies and shared information with MONUSCO, UNOCA and other UN entities, and stresses the need for coordination and cooperation between the Government of the DRC and other national authorities, United Nations S/2020/1253 20-17490 8/18 entities, civil society organisations and development actors to build and sustain peace, stabilise, improve the security situation and assist in restoration of State authority; 15. (...) Expresses concern at the illegal exploitation and trafficking of natural resources, particularly timber, so-called “conflict minerals” like tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold, as well as diamonds, cobalt, charcoal and wildlife, by armed groups and criminal networks supporting them, the negative impact of armed conflict on protected natural areas, which undermines lasting peace and development for the DRC, and encourages the Government of the DRC to strengthen efforts to safeguard those areas, calls on member States of ICGLR and regional economic communities to jointly fight illegal exploitation and trade of natural resources, and encourages them to promote the transparent and lawful management of natural resources, including the adoption of government revenue targets to finance development, sustainable regulatory and customs frameworks, and responsible mineral sourcing supply chain due diligence, and recalls in this regard its resolutions 2457 (2019) and 2389 (2017); 17.

Another participant argued that administrative law and regulation has a critical yet underappreciated part to play, giving law an instrumental rather than a purely standard-setting role in this area. (...) As an alternative to a purely legal approach to corporate responsibility, a moral or ethical framework was also proposed. (...) Some participants were unconcerned about the type of liability, or whether the liability attaches to a natural or legal person, provided some person or entity is held responsible.

In this regard, it is pertinent to point out that the national report submitted by the Republic of Armenia under the UPR was not in conformity with the review exercise, since it was purely political in nature, factually incorrect and did not comply with the basis of the review as reflected in the Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, which stipulates the review to be conducted in an objective, transparent, non-selective, constructive, non-confrontational and non-politicized manner. 3. (...) It is necessary to point out that the purely “political and legal arguments” presented by Armenia in its report are totally biased as they do not reflect historical realities and violate existing principles and norms of the international law. (...) Today the refugees and internally displaced persons, who constitute the one ninth of the population of Azerbaijan, continue to suffer from the consequences of aggression and ethnic cleansing, which deprived them not only of their homelands, but also natural rights and freedoms. The issue of return of all displaced persons expelled from the conflict- affected territories and their descendants to their original places of residence is of utmost importance for the settlement of the conflict and it is the key element for the establishment of peace and security in the region. 51.

Sixth challenge is the exhaustion of natural resources. Combined with unprecedented population and consumption growth and the finite level of natural resources this will fuel both positive and negative outcomes. (...) It is critical that we reconsider our attitude to our natural wealth. We need to learn how to properly manage it, saving our export revenues and, most importantly, transforming our natural resources into sustainable economic growth that delivers maximum efficiency. (...) Adopting all economic and managerial decisions based purely on economic feasibility and long term interests.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATURAL RESOURCES : PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR, ERICA-IRENE A.

Article 49 of the Constitution sets out the restrictions that may be applied to the rights recognized by the Constitution, as follows： “(1) The exercise of certain rights or certain freedoms may be restricted only by law and only where necessary in particular cases to defend national security, public order, public health or morals, or the rights and freedoms of citizens, to allow a criminal investigation to be carried out or to avoid the consequences of a natural calamity or extremely serious disaster. (2) Any restriction must be proportional to the situation requiring it and may not infringe upon the existence of the right or freedom.” 25. (...) These different forms of discrimination can be committed by natural or legal, public or private persons, and the alleged victims of such discrimination can take their case to the judicial authorities without having to pay stamp duty. 38. (...) These observers believe that the Orthodox Church influences government policy in areas which go well beyond purely religious matters and that the authorities in turn use their assistance to the Church for their own ends. 48.

The protection of the natural environment during warfare is covered by article 35 (3) and article 55 of Protocol I. (...) At paragraph 31 of its Advisory Opinion, the ICJ finds that article 35 (3) of Protocol I also prohibits attacks against the natural environment by way of reprisals. The gist of the two above-mentioned articles is restated in article 1 of the Environmental Modification Convention of 1977:20 “each State party to this E/CN.4/Sub.2/2002/38 page 15 Convention undertakes not to engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State party.” 37. (...) His views are that: “Everything from purely mathematical models to forest fire studies shows that even a small nuclear war would devastate the earth.”32 55.

The exploitation and trafficking of rich natural resources in the country had also attracted mercenaries and foreign fighters. Natural resources included diamonds, timber, gold, uranium and oil. (...) LRA had exploited the rich natural resources in the eastern part of the country, including gold, wood and diamonds.

The Constitution defines the status of the State’s natural resources, including land and subsoil (art. 6 (1)), a provision of particular relevance given the nomadic heritage, traditional pastoral practices and mineral rich subsoil in Mongolia. 6. (...) Mongolia is extremely rich in natural resources, with significant deposits of gold, copper, coal, silver and other minerals. (...) For many States, overreliance on natural resource extraction has proved to be both an economic opportunity and a challenge.

The truth of the matter is that the Cyprus problem commenced in 1963 when the Greek Cypriot partner of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus, established under international treaties, tried to impose its political will on Turkish Cypriot people by force of arms and converted the binational Republic into a purely Greek Cypriot entity. This deep- rooted Greek Cypriot policy in Cyprus was also confessed by the then -Greek Cypriot leader, Glafcos Clerides, in volume 3, page 105, of his memoir, entitled Cyprus: My Deposition, in the following words: “the Greek Cypriot preoccupation was that Cyprus should be a Greek Cypriot state, with a protected Turkish Cypriot minority”. (...) Unfortunately, the Greek Cypriot administration to this day refuses the peaceful path of dialogue and cooperating with A/76/599 5/8 21-18939 the Turkish Cypriot side regarding all aspects of exploration and exploitation of the natural gas around the island. In the face of the persistent unilateral acts of the Greek Cypriot side, the Turkish Cypriot side is left with no option but to take equivalent and reciprocal steps to protect the inherent and inalienable rights of the Turkish Cypriot people over the hydrocarbon resources around the island.