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It recognized that the rapid development of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, digital technology, biotechnology and material technology, has been constantly transforming traditional industries, promoting economic development and improving production and human lives. (...) Guiding questions for the meeting included: How to seize the opportunities brought by the rapid development of emerging technologies and respond to the challenges? (...) Main points from the discussion • Emerging technologies are transforming all aspects of our societies, which can be powerful tools for good.

New evidence from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s food insecurity experience scale”, World Development, vol. 93 (May 2017). 54 FAO and others, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Transforming Food Systems for Affordable Healthy Diets (Rome, FAO, 2020). 55 См. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. 56 FAO and others, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Transforming Food Systems for Food Security, Improved Nutrition and Affordable Healthy Diets for All (Rome, FAO, 2021). 57 Ibid. 58 Ibid. (...) Policy in Focus, vol. 19, No. 1 (March 2021). 79 FAO, “The role of social protection in the recovery from COVID-19 impacts in fisheries and aquaculture”, February 2021. 80 World Bank, The Gradual Rise and Rapid Decline of the Middle Class in Latin America and the Caribbean (Washington, D.C., 2021). 81 ILO, “Extending social protection to the rural economy”. 82 ISF Advisors, “Protecting growing prosperity: agricultural insurance in the developing world”, September 2018. 83 Jim Woodhill, Saher Hasnain and Alison Griffith, Farmers and Food Systems: What Future for Small-Scale Agriculture? (...) Peter Timmer, “The economics of the food system revolution”, Annual Review of Resource Economics, vol. 4 (2012); и Thomas Reardon and others, “Rapid transformation of food systems in developing regions: highlighting the role of agricultural research and innovations”, Agricultural Systems, vol. 172 (June 2019). 92 Lee, Gereffi and Beauvais, “Global value chains and agrifood standards”. 93 FAO, The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2020: Agricultural Markets and Sustainable Development – Global Value Chains, Smallholder Farmers and Digital Innovations (Rome, 2020). 94 Paul Winters and others, “Rural wage employment in developing countries”, 18 August 2008. 95 Benjamin Davis, Stefania Di Giuseppe and Alberto Zezza, “Are African households (not) leaving agriculture?

We, the participating representatives of states and organizations, Recalling the United Nations General Assembly resolution 71/222 of 21 Decem- ber 2016, by which it proclaimed the International Decade for Action “Water for Sus- tainable Development”, 2018–2028 (hereinafter referred to as the “Water Action Dec- ade”), Also recalling the United Nations General Assembly resolution 70/1 of 25 Sep- tember 2015, entitled “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, which reiterates the importance of “ensuring availability and sustain- able management of water and sanitation for all” as a Sustainable Development Goal to be achieved by 2030, the underpinning importance of water related issues in other goals and targets in order to reach the overall Agenda and the centrality of the “No One Left Behind” principle, Further recalling resolutions 68/157 of 18 December 2013 on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation and 70/169 of 17 December 2015 on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation of the United Nations General Assembly, Taking note of the efforts and extensive work carried out by the High-Level Panel on Water, Acknowledging the additional challenges facing countries with water scarcity and concerned with the impacts of such challenges, including inter alia their ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, Highlighting the challenge of rapid population growth and the importance of water management in disaster risk reduction in mitigating and adapting to climate A/73/166 18-11766 3/14 change and in ensuring ecosystem protection, particularly of watersheds in mountain areas, wetlands, deltas and in coastal zones, in order to increase the resilience of com- munities, and noting that water management can contribute, as applicable, to the im- plementation of relevant multilateral agreements, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the 2015 Paris Agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Stressing the need to manage in an integrated and sustainable manner water re- sources from source to sea around the water, food, energy and environment nexus, including by promoting the concept of circular economy and other relevant solutions to reduce, recycle and safely reuse water, Expressing concern about the current and projected adverse impacts of climate change on water resources and sanitation, as well as the challenges posed by patho- gens, nutrients and emerging pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and microplastics, that are threatening human health and the quality of surface and groundwater, Bearing in mind the need to implement integrated urban water management, including sustainable waste management systems, in line with the New Urban Agenda, as part of Integrated Water Resource Management, by implementing inter alia nature-based solutions, decentralized wastewater management and improved rainwater management and harvesting, Recognizing that, according to Sustainable Development Goal 6 Synthesis Re- port 2018 on Water and Sanitation, the world is not on track to achieve water-related Sustainable Development Goals and targets at the global level by 2030 at the current rate of progress, Recognizing that effective lake and river basin organizations, water planning and target setting at the appropriate levels, including of drinking water supply and sanitation safety, are key to the sustainable management of water resources and re- quire coordination of actors, development of infrastructure, benefit sharing and har- monization of national and basin wide development agendas, Recognizing that parliamentarians and citizens make an important contribution to water governance alongside national governments, as well as regional and local authorities, as applicable, Reemphasizing the key role of women for the achievement of Sustainable De- velopment Goal 6, their insufficient representation in water-related decision-making processes and among water professionals at all levels, the disproportionate burden carried by many women and girls for water collection and use, their specific needs of safe water and sanitation facilities and the need to create an enabling environment to address these issues, Acknowledging the importance of ensuring water availability for civilians and protecting civilian water infrastructure and service delivery in the event of conflicts and natural disasters, as well as for refugee and migrant populations living in informal or inadequate housing, Looking forward to the Mid-Term Review of the International Decade for Action “Water for Sustainable Development”, 2018–2028, as an important milestone focused on the goals of the Decade and water-related Sustainable Development Goals and targets, Noting the ongoing efforts by UN-Water in responding to the expectations of the international community, supporting the monitoring of the SDG 6 targets and providing coordination among its members, A/73/166 4/14 18-11766 Also noting the possibility to create an International Center for the Water Action Decade in Dushanbe with the support of the Government of Tajikistan and other in- terested parties to sustain the process towards implementation of the goals of the Wa- ter Action Decade and the organization of Water Action Decade Conferences, Hereby reiterate our determination to achieve the objectives of the Water Action Decade and declare to: Promote, at the local, national, regional and global levels, opportunities for pub- lic and private investment in infrastructure, including through the development of innovative financial instruments and mechanisms, and seek to increase the efficiency of investment to conserve and sustainably manage freshwater, wastewater and water contained in soil and vegetation, support community-based efforts and develop non-conventional water resources, such as water reuse and desalination; Strengthen the capacities, resources and skills, as well as improve knowledge generation and exchange of practices, to support national and local governments in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in those countries and for those people furthest behind; Make concentrated and coordinated efforts to build innovative, robust, flexible and fair systems for source to sea Integrated Water Resources Management, to in- crease water use efficiency and productivity, particularly in agriculture, energy, tour- ism, urban and rural development, as well as industry, to better appreciate the value of water and associated ecosystem services, to reduce emissions and the transport of hazardous substances and to take into consideration the serious impacts on the quality and availability of water resources caused from extractive activities; Commit to reduce inequalities in access and ensure affordability of safe drinking water and sanitation services that are basic human needs, essential to the health and well-being of families and communities, to avoid any kind of discrimination and to support countries and communities with specific needs and people suffering from poverty and in vulnerable situations, especially women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities and those living in remote areas, going beyond the household, par- ticularly targeting schools, healthcare facilities and workplaces; Improve communication and access to practical, water-related information and funding to empower communities at all levels, through clear messages, to promote participation, equity, improved accountability and social innovation, supporting the engagement of civil society representatives in decision-making processes related to the rational, transparent and sustainable use and management of water resources and the provision of water-related services; Step up the efforts to develop tools, build institutional and human resources ca- pacity, foster technology exchange, improve data that are appropriately disaggre- gated, disseminate knowledge, including traditional knowledge, skills and enhanced scientific and technical know-how to better understand the water cycle, contribute to the identification of appropriate solutions, including through South-South and trian- gular cooperation and improved research, education and training with a local perspec- tive and special attention to children and youth; Facilitate partnerships at all levels among different kinds of stakeholders, in- cluding public authorities, the private sector, civil society organizations and aca- demia, with the engagement of women, youth, local communities and indigenous peo- ples, as appropriate, to develop and implement actions that address problems related to water and sanitation at suitable levels and to promote the all-of-society engagement necessary to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; A/73/166 18-11766 5/14 Prioritize water diplomacy and transboundary cooperation in line with the ap- plicable principles of international law by strengthening inter alia the means of infor- mation and data exchange, open and inclusive multi-level and intersectoral dialogue in order to foster mutually beneficial solutions and institutional arrangements, such as basin commissions and plans, among riparian countries, for the development of transboundary river basins, lakes and aquifers and for protection of ecosystems and recharge zones; Promote actions to address water-related disasters by significantly decreasing loss of life and damage as percentage of gross domestic product, by treating invest- ment in disaster risk reduction as integral to expanding capacity for socioeconomic growth, by integrating science into policy, by substantially increasing investment in disaster risk reduction and establishing financing and investment principles and by supporting alliance of alliances in recognition that climate change may exacerbate water-related disasters, contributing to promote action for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction activities; Recall the United Nations Secretary General’s plan for the Water Action Decade 2018–2028 as a blueprint to coordinate and catalyze action throughout the Decade and invite the United Nations Secretary General to report to the Member States about the progress made by the United Nations and its entities with the implementation of this action plan; Note the intention of the Government of Tajikistan to hold Water Action Decade Conferences in Dushanbe on a biennial basis and to keep organizing them in an open and inclusive manner and invite all states, the United Nations, including UN-Water, and other relevant stakeholders, to actively participate in this Dushanbe Process; Invite countries to consider the establishment of Water Action Decade centres and partnerships on specific themes, such as one for water and disasters, or at the regional level and use the already existing water-related centres, programs and part- nerships, such as those under the auspices of the United Nations and its entities, in- cluding UNESCO Centers and Chairs, as useful mechanisms to enhance dialogue, cooperation, technical and scientific transfer and development for the effective im- plementation of the Decade; Further invite all Member States to consider appointing water champions, who will play a mobilizing role for the Water Action Decade; Strongly recommend Member States to prepare and adopt national strategies and plans and implement actions for the achievement of the water-related Sustainable De- velopment Goals and targets, as well as the goals of the Water Action Decade; Ask the United Nations, within existing resources, regional organizations, Inter- national Financial Institutions, philanthropic organizations, the private sector and de- velopment partners to support the implementation of the Water Action Decade, par- ticularly in developing countries, Least Developed Countries, countries suffering from water scarcity, Small Island Developing States and Land-Locked Developing Countries and middle-income countries, considering their specific circumstances; Request the Government of Tajikistan to present the Chair’s Summary of this Conference, accompanied by this Declaration, to the 73rd session of the United Na- tions General Assembly, to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sus- tainable Development and other relevant venues; Urge all Member States to actively participate in the preparation process of a United Nations General Assembly resolution on the Mid-Term Comprehensive Re- view of the International Decade for Action “Water for Sustainable Development”, A/73/166 6/14 18-11766 2018–2028, to be undertaken during the 77th session of the United Nations General Assembly; Request the Secretariat of this First High-Level International Conference on the International Decade for Action “Water for Sustainable Development”, 2018–2028, to collect, in collaboration with the International Steering Committee, the actions and partnerships that were proposed by the participating states and organizations during this Conference in a document to be entitled “Call for Action and Partnership”; Invite the participating states and organizations to share the progress made on the actions and partnerships proposed during this Conference at inter alia the Second Water Action Decade Conference, and as a contribution towards the Mid-Term Re- view of the Decade; Decide that the theme of the Second Water Action Decade Conference shall be “catalyzing water action and partnership at the local, national, regional and global levels” to achieve the goals of the Water Action Decade and water-related Sustainable Development Goals and targets; Express our sincere appreciation to the Government of Tajikistan for hosting the Water Action Decade Conferences in Dushanbe and for the warm welcome and gen- erous hospitality extended to all participants; we also express our sincere appreciation to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Development Programme, UN-Water and other partners for their support. (...) It was further highlighted water and sanita- tion safety planning at utility or community level to lead the way in transforming drinking-water and sanitation service provision. (...) Finally, it was emphasized efforts should be taken to enhance the capacity of water utilities and local governments through capacity building and financial decentralization to meet the challenges of rapid urbanization. Action Panel 4.1 on Financing, Investment and Resilient Infrastructure Co-organized by the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Co-opera- tion and Development, the session concluded that financing, investment and resilient infrastructure under the SDGs aim substantially higher than the Millennium Devel- opment Goals, and therefore there is a need for a shift under these new circumstances.

Michael Hall, “Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 29, No. 1 (April 2021), pp. 1–20. (...) Внедрение принципов экономики замкнутого цикла и дальнейшее повышение эффективности использования ресурсов в туристической цепочке создания стоимости открывают перед туристическим сектором возможность встать на путь стабильного и 31 European Parliament, European Parliament resolution of 10 February 2021 on the New Circular Economy Action Plan, (2020/2077(INI)). 32 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Europe, the world’s No 1 tourist destination – a new political framework for tourism in Europe, COM(2010) 352 final. 33 Council of the European Union, Outcome of Proceedings, The competitiveness of the tourism sector as a driver for sustainable growth, jobs and social cohesion in the EU for the next decade, 9707/19 TOUR 10 IND 186 COMPET 434. 34 Gössling, Scott and Hall, “Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19”; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “Tourism Policy Responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19)”, 2 June 2020, URL: http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy- responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-coronavirus-covid-19-6466aa20/; UNWTO, “One planet vision for a responsible recovery of the tourism sector”, URL: http://www.unwto.org/covid-19- oneplanet-responsible-recovery-initiatives; и United Nations Sustainable Development Group, “Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Transforming Tourism”, August 2020, URL: https://unsdg.un.org/resources/policy-brief-covid-19-and-transforming-tourism. 35 UNWTO, “2020: Worst Year in Tourism History with 1 Billion Fewer International Arrivals”, 28 January 2021, URL: http://www.unwto.org/news/2020-worst-year-in-tourism-history-with-1- billion-fewer-international-arrivals.

Arkin, Damian Durrant and Marianne Cherni, On Impact: Modern Warfare and the Environment A Case Study of the Gulf War (Greenpeace, 1991) p. 65. 9 UNEP, Effects of marine oil pollution on economy and human health, Global marine information gateway. 10 Richard Steiner, Lebanon Oil Spill Rapid Assessment/Response Mission, Final Report (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Green Line, 2006). 11 Там же. 12 UNEP, Effects of marine oil pollution on economy and human health, Global marine information gateway. (...) Сам факт существования черного рынка облегчает провоз через 31 UNEP, After the Tsunami: Rapid Environmental Assessment (2006), pp. 133-134. 32 Там же. (...) Вместе с тем без доступа к информации они даже не будут осведомлены о необходимости принятия мер по снижению риска для здоровья, тем самым повышая вероятность негативных последствий для здоровья. 33 Инициатива по окружающей среде и безопасности (ЮНЕП, ПРООН, НАТО, ОБСЕ), Environment and Security Transforming Risks into Cooperation (2005). 34 UNEP, After the Tsunami: Rapid Environmental Assessment (2006), pp. 133-134.

(2) This global health crisis underscores the interdependent nature of our world to- day and the need for more effective multilateralism not only to lead the world out of crisis, but also to transform it for the better. International cooperation and multilateral action are needed now more than ever. (...) The path towards carbon reduction must form an important part of our future strategy in order to build more resilient societies, by transitioning towards a climate-neutral economy, protecting biodiversity and transforming the agro-food industry. This has the potential to rapidly deliver jobs and growth and improve the way of life of all citizens everywhere. (...) A/74/1011 8/9 20-13240 (17) Our world is characterized by rapid technological change. New technologies have the potential to widen the existing digital divide as well as creating many oppor- tunities.

E.18.II.D.3, New York and Geneva). 16 ЮНКТАД, 2017 год, «Доклад о торговле и развитии за 2017 год: от мер жесткой экономии к глобальному новому курсу» (издание Организации Объединенных Наций, в продаже под номером R.17.II.D.5, Нью-Йорк и Женева). 17 E Brynjolfsson and A McAfee, 2011, Race against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Digital Frontier Press, Lexington, Massachusetts. 18 Например, см. исследование D Acemoglu and D Autor, 2011, Skills, tasks and technologies: Implications for employment and earnings, Handbook of Labour Economics, 4B:1043–1171. 19 Например, см. (...) UNCTAD, 2018c; UNCTAD, 2019, A Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Reviews: Harnessing Innovation for Sustainable Development (United Nations publication, Geneva); UNCTAD, The Impact of Rapid Technological Change on Sustainable Development, готовится к печати.

The year 2008 also saw the rise of a new category of violence: attacks on conductors of public transit. 3 The Peace Accords, which were signed in 1996, provided a comprehensive plan for transforming Guatemala from a country that relied on brutal counter-insurgency tactics to one that maintained order while fully respecting the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of all of its citizens. (...) Unfortunately, the causes of femicide are still not properly understood, and the State has failed to identify the causes of this rapid increase in violence. The justice system continues to fail to adequately investigate and prosecute such cases.13 Police continue to demonstrate a gender bias in the early stages of investigations, discrediting the victim either by blaming her for the crime, claiming she is a member of a gang, speculating about her sexual history or alleging that she is a prostitute. 20. (...) The motives for the killings are assumed to be largely financial, and the rapid rise in effect of impunity for prior killings, and the ease with which money can continually be extorted.

Proposals included: (a) the international community agreeing on a standard definition of private military and security companies, identifying in what context they operate, and deciding what duties they should or should not perform; (b) transforming voluntary codes of conduct into binding codes; (c) instituting an effective vetting system of private military and security company employees; (d) the international community appointing an independent international ‘PMSC Ombudsman’ who would receive complaints from all interested stakeholders regarding the activities of private military and security companies and perform preliminary investigations to help decide which complaints deserved further attention, keeping such allegations in the public eye; (e) establishing a civil arbitration panel to hear complaints against private military and security companies and developing an international criminal code applicable to private military and security companies on the model of the International Criminal Code. 14. (...) The Working Group observes that the private military and security industry is growing, and it fears that the rapid rate of this growth has shifted the discussion from whether non-State A/HRC/10/14/Add.3 page 11 actors should be allowed to use force to simply how they should use such force.