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.: General 30 October 2020 Resolution 2548 (2020) Adopted by the Security Council on 30 October 2020 The Security Council, Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara, Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his incoming Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285 (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), and 2494 (2019), Paying tribute to Horst Köhler, former Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara, and commending his efforts in holding the roundtable process, which created new momentum in the political process, Looking forward to the appointment of a new Personal Envoy of the Secretary- General for Western Sahara at the earliest opportunity, Welcoming the new momentum created by the first roundtable meeting on 5−6 December 2018 and the second roundtable meeting on 21–22 March 2019, and commitment by Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to engage in the UN political process on Western Sahara in a serious and respectful manner in order to identify elements of convergence, Encouraging the resumption of consultations between the incoming Personal Envoy and Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania in this regard to build on the progress achieved, Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, based on compromise, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect, S/2020/1063 20-14433 3/6 Reiterating its call upon Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania to cooperate more fully with each other, including through building additional trust, and with the United Nations, as well as to strengthen their involvement in the political process and to achieve progress towards a political solution, Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities for all the peoples in the Sahel region, Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping opera- tions, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective management of resources, Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to en- sure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks, and further re- calling resolution 2436 (2018) and its request of the Secretary-General to ensure that decisions to recognize and incentivize outstanding performance and decisions regard- ing deployment, remediation, training, withholding of financial reimbursement, and repatriation of uniformed or dismissal of civilian personnel, are predicated on objec- tive performance data, Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and 2538 (2020) and its aspiration to increase the number of women in military and police contingents of United Nations peace- keeping operations, Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need for it to fully implement its mandate, including its role in supporting the incoming Personal Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution, Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, reiterating the importance of full adherence to these commitments in order to sustain momentum in the Western Sahara political process, and taking note of the commitments provided by the Frente Polisario to the former Personal Envoy, and in this regard welcoming the Secretary-General’s assessment on 23 September 2020 that the situation in West- ern Sahara has remained relatively calm with the ceasefire continuing to hold and respect by the parties for MINURSO’s mandate, Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the Secre- tary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the pro- cess forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal pre- sented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General, Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will to- wards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other’s pro- posals and recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise, and further encouraging the neighbouring countries to make contributions to the political process, Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidence- building measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a successful political process, S/2020/1063 4/6 20-14433 Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the interna- tional community to develop and implement independent and credible measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant obligations under international law, Encouraging the parties to sustain in their respective efforts to enhance the pro- motion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf refugee camps, including the freedoms of expression and association, Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role played by the National Council on Human Rights Commissions operating in Dakhla and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United Na- tions Human Rights Council, Strongly encouraging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United Na- tions High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through facilitating visits to the region, Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees and their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and further noting with deep concern insufficient funding for those living in Tindouf refugee camps and the risks associated with the reduction of food assistance, Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the Tindouf refugee camps and emphasizing efforts be made in this regard, Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and re- lated resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations-sponsored talks and encour- aging the full, effective and meaningful participation of women and active and mean- ingful participation of youth in these talks, Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that pro- gress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the quality of life of the people of Western Sahara in all its aspects, Affirming its full support for Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Colin Stewart, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 23 September 2020 (S/2020/938), 1. (...) Expresses its full support for the ongoing efforts of the Secretary-General and his incoming Personal Envoy to sustain the renewed negotiations process in order to achieve a solution to the Western Sahara question, notes the intention of the former Personal Envoy to invite Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to meet again in the same format, and welcomes the commitment of Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to remain engaged throughout the duration of this process, in a spirit of realism and compromise, to ensure a successful outcome; 4. (...) Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully to those agreements, implement their commitments to the former Personal Envoy, and refrain from any actions that could undermine UN-facilitated negotiations or further destabilize the situation in the Western Sahara; 7.

In November 1979, the UN General Assembly in adopting resolution 34/37, while recognizing Frente Polisario as the representative of the people of Western Sahara, deeply deplored the aggravation of the situation resulting from the continued occupation of Western Sahara by the Kingdom of Morocco. (...) With the Kingdom of Morocco’s refusal on 4 July 2022 to allow the Personal Envoy of the Secretary General, Mr. Staffan de Mistura, to visit the occupied part of Western Sahara, the UN has lost yet another opportunity to verify on the ground the systematic violations of International Humanitarian Law and human rights by the occupying Power, the Kingdom of Morocco. 1 UNGA resolution 1956 (XVIII) 2 UNGA resolution 2229 (XXI) 3 Western Sahara, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. (...) The Frente POLISARIO once more denounces President Trump’s declaration recognizing the Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara and the reluctance of President Biden to consider the said declaration null and void. 4 The southern and eastern boundaries with the Islamic Republic of Mauritania were established by the “Convention pour la délimitation des possessions françaises et espagnoles dans l’Afrique occidentale, sur la côte du Sahara et sur la côte du Golfe de Guinée”, signed in Paris on 27 June 1900.

It is a permanent body of 15 independent experts, acting in their personal capacity, elected by the States having made a declaration of recognition under article 90 of Additional Protocol I. (...) A State party to Additional Pro- tocol I may make a comprehensive declaration, thereby recognizing the Commis- sion’s competence, or it may consent to an investigation into the facts of a particular dispute.

.: Limited 1 December 2012 Russian Original: English FCCC/SBI/2012/L.50 2 GE.12-71128 Annex [English only] Composition, modalities and procedures of the team of technical experts under international consultations and analysis [The Conference of the Parties, Recalling decisions 1/CP.16 and 2/CP.17, which established a process for in- ternational consultation and analysis of biennial update reports under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation that aims to increase the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects, and adopted the modalities and guidelines for the international con- sultation and analysis, Noting that international consultation and analysis of biennial update reports will be conducted in a manner that is non-intrusive, non-punitive and respectful of national sovereignty, Recognizing the need to have an efficient, cost-effective and practical interna- tional consultation and analysis process which does not impose an excessive burden on Parties and the secretariat, Having taken note of the estimated budgetary implications, as provided by the secretariat, of the actions requested of the secretariat in paragraph 3 below and other actions contained in the annex to this decision, Also recognizing the difficulties faced by Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties) in reporting under the Convention, as well as the need to take into account national capabilities and circumstances, the need to build capacity and the need for the provision of financial support in a timely manner to non-Annex I Parties to facilitate the timely preparation of their biennial update re- ports, Further recognizing that the Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention could play an important role in facilitating technical advice and support for the preparation and submission of Parties’ first biennial update reports, Having taken note that the requirements for additional resources for the im- plementation of the actions referred to in paragraph 3 below cannot be met by the approved UNFCCC core budget for the biennium 2012–2013, Having taken note that the UNFCCC core budget for the biennium 2014–2015 will need to address the resources necessary for the implementation of the actions contained in the annex to this decision, 1. (...) The participating experts shall serve in their personal capacity. They shall nei- ther be a national of the Party whose BUR is under analysis nor be nominated by that Party. 9.

.: Limited 25 May 2012 Russian Original: English FCCC/SBI/2012/L.26 2 GE.12-70773 Annex [English only] Decision -/CP.18 [Doha work programme on Article 6 of the Convention The Conference of the Parties, Recalling Articles 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Convention, Also recalling decisions 11/CP.8, 9/CP.13 and 7/CP.16, Reaffirming the importance of Article 6 of the Convention for achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention and for the effective implementation of adaptation and mitigation actions, Recognizing that education, training and skills development are fundamental for all Parties to achieve sustainable development in the long term, Also recognizing that a goal of education is to promote changes in lifestyles, attitudes and behaviour needed to foster sustainable development and to prepare children, young people, women, persons with disabilities and grass-root communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change, Reaffirming that public participation and access to information are crucial in order to develop and implement effective policies, as well as to engage all stakeholders actively in the implementation of these policies, Also reaffirming the importance of taking into account gender aspects and the need to promote the effective engagement of children, youth, the elderly, women, persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, local communities and non-governmental organizations in activities related to Article 6 of the Convention, Acknowledging the progress made by Parties, international organizations and civil society in planning, coordinating and implementing education, training, public awareness, public participation, and access to information activities, Recognizing the importance of taking a long-term, strategic and country-driven approach to education, training and skills development at the local, national, subregional, regional and international levels, including strengthening of relevant institutional and sectoral capacities, Recognizing that ensuring the availability of sufficient financial and technical resources continues to be a challenge for the adequate implementation of Article 6 of the Convention for all Parties, in particular African countries, the least developed countries and small island developing States, Having considered the information in documents prepared by the secretariat in support of the review of the implementation of the amended New Delhi work programme,1 1 FCCC/SBI/2012/3, FCCC/SBI/2012/4, FCCC/SBI/2012/5, FCCC/SBI/2012/6 and FCCC/SBI/2012/MISC.4. (...) In order to advance implementation of Article 6 of the Convention, it is useful to cooperate in, promote, facilitate, develop and implement public awareness programmes on climate change and its effects at the national and, as appropriate, subregional, regional and international levels by, inter alia, encouraging contributions and personal action in addressing climate change, supporting climate-friendly policies and fostering behavioural changes, including by using popular media, noting the important role that social media platforms and strategies can play in this context. (...) This can be done by, inter alia, encouraging contributions and personal action in addressing climate change, supporting climate-friendly policies and fostering behavioural changes, including by using popular media.

Argentina was granted access to the Convention largely on the basis of its omnibus data protection legislation dating from October 2000. The Personal Data Protection Act (Act No. 25,326), of October 2000, is quite closely modelled on Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. (...) The compatibility of the Personal Data Protection Act with the Convention is maintained through, inter alia, its applicability in matters of both law enforcement and national security, under the terms of article 23: Personal data that have been stored for administrative purposes and must be permanently registered in the databases of the armed forces, security forces and police and intelligence services shall be subject to the provisions of the present Act; the same applies to personal data provided by such databases at the request of administrative or judicial authorities in accordance with the law. (...) Civil society organizations criticized the Personal Data Protection Act, stating that by placing the National Directorate for the Protection of Personal Data – the precursor to the Agency for Access to Public Information, the Argentine data protection authority – under the Office of the Undersecretary for Registry Affairs of the Ministry of Justice, its financial and administrative independence from the executive power is limited. 28.

It is understood from paragraph 61 that the human rights defenders, with whom the Special Representative met in Turkey, argued that although their personal safety had improved, they were being targeted by legal action and fines. (...) In paragraph 120, as well as in paragraphs 95, 96 and 97, the Special Representative, though recognizing the efforts to hold internal investigation on human rights abuses, remains concerned by “the high level of impunity for human rights violations” and thus calls on the Government to take all necessary measures to ensure full accountability for those violations. While the Government is resolute to combat against impunity at all levels, it would have been more appropriate should concrete cases of alleged practices of impunity have been cited. Recognizing the importance of combating impunity in all human rights violations, a considerable number of legislation has been introduced in the last years to ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice.

.: Limited 24 May 2012 Russian Original: English FCCC/SBI/2012/L.21 2 GE.12-70703 Annex [English only] Draft [elements for COP]decision -/CP.18 Composition, modalities and procedures of the team of technical experts under international consultations and analysis The Conference of the Parties, Recalling decisions 1/CP.16 and 2/CP.17, establishing a process for international consultation and analysis of biennial update reports (BURs) under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation that aims to increase the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects, and adopting the modalities and guidelines for international consultation and analysis, [[Recognizing][Noting] that international consultation and analysis is non- intrusive, non-punitive, and respectful of national sovereignty,] Also recognizing the need to have an efficient, cost-effective and practical international consultation and analysis process, which does not impose an excessive burden on Parties, and on the secretariat, [Having taken note of, as provided by the secretariat, the estimated budgetary implications of the actions requested of the secretariat in paragraph 3 below and other actions contained in the appendix to this decision,] [Recognizing the difficulties faced by non-Annex I Parties in reporting under the Convention and the need to take into account national capabilities and circumstances, and to build capacity, and the need for the provision of financial support in a timely manner to non-Annex I Parties to facilitate the timely preparation of biennial update reports,] [Urging Annex II Parties and other developed country Parties in a position to do so to provide support for the preparation of biennial update reports,] Recognizing that the Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention could also play an important role in facilitating technical advice and support for the preparation and submission of the first biennial update report[, and building capacity for the teams of technical experts referred to in paragraph 1 hereunder], [Also having taken note that the requirements for additional resources for implementation of the relevant actions referred to in paragraph 3 below cannot be met by the approved UNFCCC core budget for the biennium 2012–2013,] Also having taken note that the UNFCCC core budget for the biennium 2014–2015 will need to [cover][address] the resources necessary for the implementation of the actions in the appendix to this decision, 1. (...) Participating experts shall serve in their personal capacity. 15. The secretariat shall select the members of the TTEs from the roster of experts maintained by the secretariat to conduct technical analysis of biennial update reports in a way that the collective skills of each team address areas of information defined in decision 2/CP.17, annex IV, paragraph 3(a).

States shall take appropriate measures to provide legal recognition for land tenure rights, including customary land tenure rights not currently protected by law, recognizing the existence of different models and systems. (...) Peasants and other people working in rural areas have the right to water for personal and domestic use, farming, fishing and livestock keeping and to securing other water-related livelihoods, ensuring the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of water. (...) States shall respect, protect and ensure access to water, including in customary and community-based water management systems, on a non-discriminatory basis, and shall take measures to guarantee affordable water for personal, domestic and productive uses, and improved sanitation, in particular for rural women and girls, and persons belonging to disadvantaged or marginalized groups, such as nomadic pastoralists, workers on plantations, all migrants regardless of their migration status, and persons living in irregular or informal settlements.

Shortcomings were noticed in recognizing and assessing risks and intervening in situations of abuse either by staff or by residents towards other residents. (...) To qualify for personal assistance under the Act, support must be required owing to a long-term or progressive illness that is not related to old age. (...) A/HRC/51/27/Add.1 12 GE.22-13138 for personal assistance under the Disability Services Act.