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Today there are approximately 1.2 million households living in public housing units, managed by approximately 3,300 housing authorities, which include a variety of options from single-family houses to high-rise apartments. (...) Expiring long-term rental assistance contracts and Section 8 vouchers 34. Options for low-income families and individuals are further reduced due to other pressures on the stock of affordable housing including “expiring use”. (...) It seeks, inter alia, to prevent foreclosures by working with private industry to offer affordable loan refinancing and loan modifications. From the inception of this programme there have been questions as to whether it could diminish the wave of foreclosures.

In 2013, the independent Constitutional Advisory Panel recommended that the Government explore options for amending the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act by adding economic, social and cultural rights, property rights and environmental rights to it. (...) The Special Rapporteur would also like to acknowledge several positive steps taken by the Government: (a) The adoption of the Aotearoa/New Zealand Homelessness Action Plan: Phase One 2020–2023, published in February 2020; (b) The adoption of the Māori and Iwi Housing Innovation Framework for Action; (c) The efforts of the Government to end rough sleeping throughout the country in the context of the COVID-19 response, by making over 1,000 emergency places available in motels with the commitment to keeping those requiring those places housed until long term- housing options are identified for them; (d) The prohibition of any rent increases between 26 March 2020 and 25 September 2020 and restrictions on tenancy terminations between 26 March 2020 and 25 June 2020, and the introduction of new rules allowing rent increases only once per year;10 (e) The adoption of the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act of 2020, which included reform aimed at increasing security of tenure for people in rental accommodation; (f) The phasing-in of healthy homes standards, targeting a significant number of rental households living in unhealthy or substandard accommodations;11 (g) The development of the Accessibility Policy 2019–2022 of the public housing provider Kāinga Ora, which has committed to ensuring that at least 15 per cent of new houses __________ 6 E/C.12/NZL/CO/4, paras. 5–6. 7 Alan Johnson, Philippa Howden-Chapman and Shamubeel Eaqub, A Stocktake of New Zealand’s Housing (New Zealand, 2018). 8 Statement of Strategic Intentions for 2019–2023 (February 2019), p. 6. 9 Ibid. 10 See www.hud.govt.nz/residential-housing/covid-19-rent-freeze-and-tenancy-terminations/. 11 See www.hud.govt.nz/residential-housing/healthy-rental-homes/healthy-homes-standards/.

Cross-cutting issues to be considered when exploring the options and issues identified by Parties in the paragraphs below; consistency; continuity from the current rules; factoring out, including age structure and indirect climate change effects; inter-annual variability; natural disturbances; symmetry in the accounting of emissions and removals; sustainable forest management; and co-benefits, including biodiversity. 3. The range of options and issues identified by Parties for consideration: (a) Activity-based approach based on Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol: (i) Few changes: (1) Legally required;1 (2) Definitions, modalities, rules and guidelines that apply in the first commitment period that could carry over to the second commitment period; (ii) More changes: (1) Legally required; and (2) Article 3, paragraph 4, forest management: - Moving to net-net and including emissions and removals from forest management in the base year; - Moving to net-net and estimating base year emissions and removals using a base period; - Moving to net-net and applying forward-looking baselines; - Remaining gross-net and applying discount factors; - Other; (iii) Many changes: (1) Legally required; and (2) Article 3, paragraph 4 forest management (options as above); and (3) Other activities under Article 3, paragraph 4: - Estimating base year emissions and removals using a base period; - Applying forward-looking baselines; 1 When only legally required changes are considered, the current treatment of the activities will be retained. (...) Issues that may need some consideration as a consequence of different options: (a) Definitions; (b) Reporting and reviewing; (c) Others. 6.

Option 12 A. Definitions3 No changes.4 OR Definitions remain as in the annex to decision 16/CMP.1: - Except for the definition of deforestation, which is amended to provide for land-use flexibility5 AND/OR - Other definitions added to accommodate additional activities under Article 3.4 as required (options proposed for consideration are: wetland degradation and restoration; forest degradation or amending the definition of forest management; and devegetation). (...) FCCC/KP/AWG/2008/L.11 Page 7 Option 2 A. Definitions Same as Option 1. (...) General Same as Option 1. APPENDIX Same as Option 1. OTHER ISSUES Voluntary versus compulsory Same as Option 1.

The view was expressed that none of the options outlined would address all the challenges, while others indicated that no approach could address all challenges. (...) There was recognition that the preliminary non-paper on legal options prepared by the Secretariat was helpful and comprehensive, and that it spelled out legal options that would hypothetically be available in the creation of a unified standing treaty body. (...) It was also considered that the legal parameters for, and legal implications of, other possible reform options should also be examined in more detail.

Given this estimate, the fact that non-submarine options are likely to take at least as long to develop and that our current SSBNs will reach the end of their (extended) lives during the 2020s, detailed concept work on renewal of our deterrent system needs to start in 2007 if we are to avoid a gap in deterrence at the end of the life of the Vanguard- class submarines. (...) Subsequently, we decided not to take up an option to purchase an additional seven missiles. (...) The UK's continued possession of a nuclear deterrent provides an assurance that we cannot be subjected in future to nuclear blackmail or a level of threat which would put at risk our vital interests or fundamentally constrain our foreign and security policy options. State-Sponsored Terrorism 3-11.

. __________ .97، الطقر 9/4102/PMC/PK/CCCF )1( 11.L/5102/ATSBS/CCCF الأمم المفيحد التفاقية الإطارية بشأن تغّير المناخ detimiL :.rtsiD 5102 enuJ 01 cibarA hsilgnE :lanigirO FCCC/SBSTA/2015/L.11 GE.15-09401 2 Annex [English only] Options for elements for the text of a draft decision on the clarification of the text in section G (Article 3, paragraph 7 ter) of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol Draft decision -/CMP.- Clarification of the text in section G (Article 3, paragraph 7 ter) of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Recalling Article 3, paragraph 7 ter, of the Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol contained in annex I to decision 1/CMP.8 (the Doha Amendment), Taking note of the request from Kazakhstan to clarify the provision of Article 3, paragraph 7 ter,1 I. Options related to application to Parties Option 1 Clarifies that Article 3, paragraph 7 ter, of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol is not applicable, for the second commitment period, to Parties that did not have quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol; Also clarifies that, for the purposes of implementing Article 3, paragraph 7 ter, of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol: (a) The‫reference‫in‫Article‫3,‫paragraph‫7‫ter,‫to‫“a‫Party‫included‫in‫the‫Annex‫ I”‫ refers‫ to‫ Parties‫ listed‫ in‫ Annex‫ I‫ to‫ the‫ Convention‫ or‫ with‫ a‫ quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment inscribed in the second and third column of Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol as contained in annex I to decision 1/CMP.8; (b) The‫reference‫in‫Article‫3,‫paragraph‫7‫ter,‫to‫“average‫annual‫emissions‫for‫ the first‫three‫years‫of‫the‫preceding‫commitment‫period”‫refers‫to‫the‫average‫of‫the‫annual‫ emissions of a Party that had quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010; (c) The‫information‫related‫to‫“average‫annual‫emissions”‫shall‫be‫based‫on‫the‫ report to facilitate the calculation of the assigned amount prepared pursuant to annex I to decision 2/CMP.8 submitted and reviewed in accordance with Article 8 of the Kyoto Protocol; __________ 1 FCCC/KP/CMP/2013/7. FCCC/SBSTA/2015/L.11 3 GE.15-09401 Option 2 1. Clarifies that Article 3, paragraph 7 ter, of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol is applicable, for the second commitment period, to Parties that did not have quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol; 2.

Member States in serious financial difficulties have in the end only two options: either they have to reach agreement on‫adjustment‫and‫fiscal‫consolidation‫measures‫with‫the‫or‫risk.‫default,”institutions“‫‫ 18. (...) While debt service costs in some countries may still be manageable in the short run, they could significantly increase should the period of historically low interest rates come to an end, making the refinancing of public debt more expensive. Even today, the cost of servicing debt consumes important resources that could be better used for productive and social investment to fulfil economic, social and cultural rights.

Some Parties suggested that discussion is also needed on sectoral crediting based on no-lose targets, emissions trading based on sectoral targets and options to enhance the contribution of the CDM to global mitigation efforts. 18. (...) Some Parties suggested that the AWG- KP should explore options on how to include these emissions in national totals. 32. (...) Transparency of emissions trading markets: Options to encourage disclosure of information on transaction of Kyoto unit types. 39.