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De ces éléments, c’est le segment de consommation qui est le plus important, car il vise notamment à donner aux pays des orientations pour l’échantillonnage. (...) Si les deux listes demeurent analogues pour les groupes de produits communs à l’IPC et au PCI, elles ne sont toutefois pas rigoureusement identiques car les descriptifs ont dû être modifiés pour prendre en compte des caractéristiques pertinentes en dehors des États-Unis. (...) Garments for children (3 to 13 years) 03.1.2.3.1 Coats and jackets 03.12.3.01 Children's jackets 03.1.2.3.2 Sportswear 03.1.2.3.3 Underwear and socks 03.12.3.06 Children's underwear 03.12.3.07 Children's socks and tights 03.12.3.02 Children's trousers 03.12.3.03 Children's shirts and blouses 03.12.3.04 Children's suits and dungarees 03.1.2.3.4 Other clothes 03.12.3.05 Children's dress and skirts 03.1.2.4 Garments for infants (0 to 2 years) 03.1.2.4.1 Garments for outdoor 03.12.3.08 Infant's clothing 03.1.2.4.2 Garments for indoor 03.12.3.09 Babies underwear 03.1.2.4.3 Other 03.1.3.1 Other articles of clothing 03.1.3.1.1 Headgears and gloves 03.13.1.01 Other articles of clothing 03.1.3.1.2 Scares and ties 03.1.3.1.3 Other 03.1.3.2 Clothing accessories 03.1.3.2.1 Sewing materials 03.13.1.02 Clothing accessories 03.1.3 Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories 03.1.3.1 Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories 03.1.3.2.2 Other accessories 03.1.4.1 Cleaning of clothing 03.1.4.1.1 Cleaning of clothing 03.14.1.01 Services, cleaning and repair of clothing 03.1.4 Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.1 Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.2 Repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.2.1 Repair and hire of clothing 03.2.1.1 Men’s footwear 03.2.1.1 Footwear for men 03.2.1.1.1 Boots 03.21.1.01 Men's classic and boat shoes 03.2.1.1.2 Shoes for outdoor 03.21.1.03 Men's sandals, thongs 03.2.1.1.3 Shoes for indoor 03.2.1 Shoes and other footwear 03.2.1.2 Women’s footwear 03.2.1.2 Footwear for women 03.2.1.2.1 Boots 03.21.2.03 Ladies boots EC E/C ES/G E.22/2006/12 page 20 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 03.2.1.2.2 Shoes for outdoor 03.21.2.01 Ladies conventional shoes 03.21.2.02 Ladies casual shoes 03.2.1.2.3 Shoes for indoor 03.2.1.3.2 Footwear for children 03.21.3.01 Children’s shoes 03.21.3.02 Children’s boots 03.21.3.04 Babies shoes 03.2.1.4.1 Sports footwear for indoor 03.21.1.02 Men's sport shoes 03.2.1.4.2 Sports footwear for outdoor 03.21.2.04 Ladies sport and walking shoes 03.2.1.4 Sports footwear 03.21.3.03 Children's sport shoes 03.2.2.1 Repair of footwear 03.2.2.1.1 Repair of footwear 03.22.1.01 Services, Cobbler 03.2.2 Repair and hire of footwear 03.2.2.1 Repair and hire of footwear 03.2.2.2 Other services 03.2.2.2.1 Other services 04.1.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants for a room/studio 04.1.1.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants for a room/studio 04.11.1 Actual rentals for housing 04.1.1.2 Actual rentals paid by tenants for apartments 04.1.1.2.1 Rent paid for an apartment with 2 rooms 04.1.1.2.2 Rent paid for an apartment with 3 rooms 04.1.1.2.3 Rent paid for an apartment with 4 rooms or more 04.1.1.3 Actual rentals paid by tenants for row houses 04.1.1.3.1 Rent paid for a house with 2 rooms 04.1.1.3.2 Rent paid for a house with 3 rooms 04.1.1.3.3 Rent paid for a house with 4 rooms or more 04.1.1.4 Actual rentals paid by tenants for one-family free-standing houses 04.1.1.4.1 Rent paid for a house with 2 rooms 04.1.1.4.2 Rent paid for a house with 3 rooms 04.1.1.4.3 Rent paid for a house with 4 rooms or more 04.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants 04.1.1.1 Actual rentals for housing 04.1.1.5 Social housing 04.1.1.5 Social housing EC E/C ES/G E.22/2006/12 page 21 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 04.1.2.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants for secondary/holiday residences 04.1.2.1.1 Rent paid for a room/studio 04.1.2.1.2 Rent paid for an apartment 04.1.2.1.3 Rent paid for one-family house 04.1.2.2 Garage rentals and other rentals paid by tenants 04.1.2.2.1 Garage rental 04.1.2 Other actual rentals 04.1.1.4.3 Rent paid for an apartment with 4 rooms or more 04.2.1 Imputed rentals of owner- occupiers 04.2.2 Other imputed rentals 04.2.1.1 Imputed rentals for housing 04.21.1 Imputed rentals for housing 04.3.1.1.1 Paints, varnishes and renderings 04.31.1.01 Paint 04.3.1.1.2 Wall paper and fabric wall coverings 04.31.1.04 Wallpaper 04.3.1.1.3 Small plumbing items (pipes, taps, joints, etc) 04.3.1.1.4 Surfacing materials (floor boards, ceramic tiles, etc.) 04.3.1.1.5 Windowpanes 04.3.1.1.6 Plaster, cement, putty, wallpaper pastes 04.31.1.03 Cement 04.31.1.05 Glazier's putty 04.31.1.06 Plaster 04.3.1 Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.1 Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.1 Materials for maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.1.7 Other materials for maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.31.1.02 Silicone 04.3.2.1 Services of plumbers, electricians 04.3.2.1.1 Services of plumbers 04.3.2.1.2 Services of electricians 04.3.2 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2.1 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2.1.3 Services for maintenance of the heating system EC E/C ES/G E.22/2006/12 page 22 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 04.3.2.2 Services of carpenters, glaziers, painters, floor polishers, etc 04.3.2.2.1 Services of painters 04.32.1.01 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2.2.2 Services of carpenters 04.3.2.3 Other services 04.3.2.3.1 Other services 04.4.1 Water supply 04.4.1.1 Water supply 04.4.1.1 Water supply 04.4.1.1.1 Water supply 04.41.1.01 Water supply 04.4.2 Refuse collection 04.4.2.1 Refuse collection 04.4.2.1.1 Refuse collection 04.4.3 Sewerage collection 04.4.3.1 Sewerage collection 04.4.3.1.1 Sewerage collection 04.42.1.01 Domestic refuse and sewerage collection 04.4.4.1.1 Maintenance charges in multi- occupied buildings 04.42.1.02 Caretaker, Concierge and chimneysweep 04.4.4.2.1 Security services 04.4.4 Other services relating to the dwelling n.e.c. 04.4.2.1 Miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling 04.4.4.1 Other services relating to the dwelling n.e.c. 04.4.4.3.1 Road cleaning and chimney sweeping 04.5.1 Electricity 04.5.1.1 Electricity 04.5.1.1 Electricity 04.5.1.1.1 Electricity 04.51.1.01 Electricity 04.5.2.1 Town gas and natural gas 04.5.2.1.1 Natural gas 04.52.1.01 Gas 04.5.2.1.2 Town gas 04.5.2 Gas 04.5.2.1 Gas 04.5.2.2 Liquefied hydrocarbons (butane, propane, etc.) 04.5.2.2.1 Liquefied hydrocarbons (butane, propane, etc.) 04.52.1.02 Liquefied gas: propane 04.5.3 Liquid fuels 04.5.3.1 Liquid fuels 04.5.3.1 Heating oil 04.5.3.1.1 Heating oil 04.53.1.01 Heating gasoil 04.5.4.1 Coal 04.5.4.1.1 Coal 04.54.1.01 Solid fuels 04.5.4 Solid fuels 04.5.4.1 Solid fuels 04.5.4.2 Other solid fuels 04.5.4.2.1 Other solid fuels 04.5.5 Heat energy 04.5.5.1 Heat energy 04.5.5.1 Heat energy 04.5.5.1.1 Heat energy 04.55.1.01 Domestic heat energy 05.1.1.1 Kitchen furniture 05.1.

Kemp, « Low-income Tenants in the Private Rental Housing Market », Housing Studies, vol. 26 (2011), p. 1019 et 1020 à 1021. (...) Teller, Social Housing in Transition Countries (Oxon, Routledge, 2012). 50 Steve Pomeroy, Private Rental Policies and Programs: Review of the International Experience (Ottawa, 1999), p. 107; voir également Steve Pomeroy et Marc Godbout, « Development of the Rental Housing Market in Latin America and the Caribbean », document d’analyse de la Banque interaméricaine de développement (2011), p. 10 et 11. 51 Pomeroy et Godbout, « Development of the rental housing market » (voir note 50 plus haut), p. 19; voir également Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, « What makes a landlord decide to invest and dis-invest in private rental housing? (...) Malpezzi, « Rental housing in developing countries: issues and constraints », in Rental Housing: Proceedings of an Experts Group Meeting (Nairobi, Centre des Nations Unies pour les établissements humains, 1990), p. 104 et 113. 67 S.

Until recently and for several decades, Portugal had stringent rental legislation that fixed rental rates regardless of income levels and market value of the unit; rental contracts could also be included in inheritance. (...) In order to stimulate the urban rental market, and as part of the memorandum of understanding, the New Urban Rental Regime (Novo Regime de Arrendamento Urbano) was introduced in August 2012. (...) Indeed, a study conducted in November 2016 found that rental prices had increased considerably in recent years.

Low interest rates, coupled with an underdeveloped rental housing system with weak tenant protections, have allowed housing speculation to continue in a relatively unbridled fashion. 32. (...) A/HRC/47/43/Add.1 12 GE.21-05608 is common and contributes to poor health outcomes. 26 The poor housing stock of New Zealand causes a large amount of preventable respirational diseases. Children living in rental accommodation are more likely to be hospitalized or rehospitalized, and to die young. (...) Many of these people settled far from the city centre, in the north and south of Christchurch, meaning that people whose property had been in the red zones lost not only their houses, but also their communities. Tenants living in rental accommodation were particularly affected, having received no support to relocate and given that very few affordable and accessible rentals were available in the city.

• Rents: tax incentives and other initiatives have been adopted to stimulate the rental market. • Rents and vacant housing units: the above-mentioned measures aimed for the promotion of owner and tenant rents are expected to result in a large number of vacant units coming on to the rental market. (...) The aim is to build more fixed-price housing for middle-income families (with incomes up to 6.5 times the Multiple Effect Income Indicator (IPREM), or a monthly household income of approximately €3,316) and more housing under the special scheme for low-income families (with incomes less than 2.5 times the IPREM, or a monthly household income of approximately €1,273). Stimulation of the rental market Apart from the measures with which the Special Rapporteur is familiar, such as measures designed to enable young people to leave home and rent their own housing and the system whereby tenants are entitled to rent-related tax deductions, the 2005-2008 Housing Plan has been amended to stimulate the rental market by improving the financing for the promotion of new rental housing, offering promoters greater financing opportunities through subsidized loans. This is in addition to the direct assistance already provided under the Housing Plan for efforts to promote public rental housing. Similarly, in order to increase the supply of rental housing, the conditions that owners of empty properties must meet in order to rent them have been eased, and assistance is provided in the amount of €6,000.

It provides rental accommodation at 60–80 per cent below market rate. (...) Security of tenure: joensei and monthly rental 31. There are three main forms of tenure in the Republic of Korea: owner-occupied housing, joensei and monthly rental. 32. (...) In December 2017, the Government established a plan for the promotion of rental housing registration to encourage, through tax benefits, multi-unit homeowners to voluntarily register their homes as private rentals.

Proportionally more respondents (about two thirds in rental accommodation in 2002) are now living in accommodation rented through Indigenous Community Housing Organisations (ICHOs), community housing or other private rental providers (up from one half in 1994).12 2. (...) Compounding the housing affordability crisis is the absolute decline in the availability of low-cost rental housing in both public and private sectors. (...) There is an overall shortage of supply of low-cost private rental housing. The supply of private rental dwellings has focused towards the high-end market.24 Also, as confirmed by AHURI, between 1996 and 2001 there was an absolute decline in the total number of dwellings that rented in the bottom four fifths of the rent distribution.25 E.

Since a new rental law was introduced in 1996, there has been a dual system of rental contracts. (...) In contrast, contracts under the new rental regime are usually for the short-to-medium term, and much more expensive, as their median rent is estimated to be roughly six times higher than that of contracts under the old rental regime. While rent-to-income ratios for new rental agreements were still at affordable levels in 2008 (14 per cent), they have soared significantly, to 39 per cent in 2017, meaning that many of the 1.5 million households with old rental contracts could not afford new rental contracts.18 B.

In addition, although lower than in the private market, prices of social housing tend to be too high for the lower-income segments of the population.20 The liberalization of rental contracts and the lack of a public stock of affordable housing have contributed to a considerable rise in private rental prices.21 21. (...) However, these measures appear to be insufficient and only address the needs of the higher end of the rental housing demand. 29. The liberalization of rental contracts initiated in 1985 by the Boyer Act, and continued in 1994 by the Urban Rental Law (Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos), aimed at facilitating in principle the renting of homes by the owners.28 However, it seems that this measure has not been fully productive, has not acted as an incentive to the rental market, and has possibly affected security of tenure. (...) This phenomenon affects mostly households that have old rental contracts (contracted before the Boyer Act), which establish indefinite rental periods at prices notably inferior to the market.

1 NATIONS UNIES Secrétariat Distr. LIMITEE PROVISOIRE ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/86 30 novembre 2000 ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS PROJET DE MANUEL DES STATISTIQUES DU COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL DES SERVICES Le