Home

Garments for children (3 to 13 years) 03.1.2.3.1 Coats and jackets 03.12.3.01 Children's jackets 03.1.2.3.2 Sportswear 03.1.2.3.3 Underwear and socks 03.12.3.06 Children's underwear 03.12.3.07 Children's socks and tights 03.12.3.02 Children's trousers 03.12.3.03 Children's shirts and blouses 03.12.3.04 Children's suits and dungarees 03.1.2.3.4 Other clothes 03.12.3.05 Children's dress and skirts 03.1.2.4 Garments for infants (0 to 2 years) 03.1.2.4.1 Garments for outdoor 03.12.3.08 Infant's clothing 03.1.2.4.2 Garments for indoor 03.12.3.09 Babies underwear 03.1.2.4.3 Other ECE/CES/G E.22/2006/12 page 22 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 03.1.3.1 Other articles of clothing 03.1.3.1.1 Headgears and gloves 03.13.1.01 Other articles of clothing 03.1.3.1.2 Scares and ties 03.1.3.1.3 Other 03.1.3.2 Clothing accessories 03.1.3.2.1 Sewing materials 03.13.1.02 Clothing accessories 03.1.3 Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories 03.1.3.1 Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories 03.1.3.2.2 Other accessories 03.1.4.1 Cleaning of clothing 03.1.4.1.1 Cleaning of clothing 03.14.1.01 Services, cleaning and repair of clothing 03.1.4 Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.1 Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.2 Repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.2.1 Repair and hire of clothing 03.2.1.1 Men’s footwear 03.2.1.1 Footwear for men 03.2.1.1.1 Boots 03.21.1.01 Men's classic and boat shoes 03.2.1.1.2 Shoes for outdoor 03.21.1.03 Men's sandals, thongs 03.2.1.1.3 Shoes for indoor 03.2.1.2 Women’s footwear 03.2.1.2 Footwear for women 03.2.1.2.1 Boots 03.21.2.03 Ladies boots 03.2.1.2.2 Shoes for outdoor 03.21.2.01 Ladies conventional shoes 03.21.2.02 Ladies casual shoes 03.2.1.2.3 Shoes for indoor 03.2.1.3.2 Footwear for children 03.21.3.01 Children’s shoes 03.21.3.02 Children’s boots 03.2.1 Shoes and other footwear 03.21.3.04 Babies shoes 03.2.1.4.1 Sports footwear for indoor 03.21.1.02 Men's sport shoes 03.2.1.4.2 Sports footwear for outdoor 03.21.2.04 Ladies sport and walking shoes 03.2.1.4 Sports footwear 03.21.3.03 Children's sport shoes ECE/CES/G E.22/2006/12 page 23 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 03.2.2.1 Repair of footwear 03.2.2.1.1 Repair of footwear 03.22.1.01 Services, Cobbler 03.2.2 Repair and hire of footwear 03.2.2.1 Repair and hire of footwear 03.2.2.2 Other services 03.2.2.2.1 Other services 04.1.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants for a room/studio 04.1.1.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants for a room/studio 04.11.1 Actual rentals for housing 04.1.1.2 Actual rentals paid by tenants for apartments 04.1.1.2.1 Rent paid for an apartment with 2 rooms 04.1.1.2.2 Rent paid for an apartment with 3 rooms 04.1.1.2.3 Rent paid for an apartment with 4 rooms or more 04.1.1.3 Actual rentals paid by tenants for row houses 04.1.1.3.1 Rent paid for a house with 2 rooms 04.1.1.3.2 Rent paid for a house with 3 rooms 04.1.1.3.3 Rent paid for a house with 4 rooms or more 04.1.1.4 Actual rentals paid by tenants for one-family free- standing houses 04.1.1.4.1 Rent paid for a house with 2 rooms 04.1.1.4.2 Rent paid for a house with 3 rooms 04.1.1.4.3 Rent paid for a house with 4 rooms or more 04.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants 04.1.1.5 Social housing 04.1.1.5 Social housing 04.1.2.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants for secondary/holiday residences 04.1.2.1.1 Rent paid for a room/studio 04.1.2.1.2 Rent paid for an apartment 04.1.2.1.3 Rent paid for one-family house 04.1.2 Other actual rentals 04.1.1.1 Actual rentals for housing 04.1.2.2 Garage rentals and other rentals paid by tenants 04.1.2.2.1 Garage rental ECE/CES/G E.22/2006/12 page 24 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 04.1.1.4.3 Rent paid for an apartment with 4 rooms or more 04.2.1 Imputed rentals of owner- occupiers 04.2.2 Other imputed rentals 04.2.1.1 Imputed rentals for housing 04.21.1 Imputed rentals for housing 04.3.1.1.1 Paints, varnishes and renderings 04.31.1.01 Paint 04.3.1.1.2 Wall paper and fabric wall coverings 04.31.1.04 Wallpaper 04.3.1.1.3 Small plumbing items (pipes, taps, joints, etc) 04.3.1.1.4 Surfacing materials (floor boards, ceramic tiles, etc.) 04.3.1.1.5 Windowpanes 04.3.1.1.6 Plaster, cement, putty, wallpaper pastes 04.31.1.03 Cement 04.31.1.05 Glazier's putty 04.31.1.06 Plaster 04.3.1 Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.1 Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.1 Materials for maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.1.7 Other materials for maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.31.1.02 Silicone 04.3.2.1 Services of plumbers, electricians 04.3.2.1.1 Services of plumbers 04.3.2.1.2 Services of electricians 04.3.2.1.3 Services for maintenance of the heating system 04.3.2.2 Services of carpenters, glaziers, painters, floor polishers, etc 04.3.2.2.1 Services of painters 04.32.1.01 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2.1 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2.2.2 Services of carpenters ECE/CES/G E.22/2006/12 page 25 OICOP classes COICOP-PPP basic headings COICOP-HICP sub-classes COICOP-HICP consumption segments Structured Product Descriptions (SPDs) 04.3.2.3 Other servic

Until recently and for several decades, Portugal had stringent rental legislation that fixed rental rates regardless of income levels and market value of the unit; rental contracts could also be included in inheritance. (...) In order to stimulate the urban rental market, and as part of the memorandum of understanding, the New Urban Rental Regime (Novo Regime de Arrendamento Urbano) was introduced in August 2012. (...) Indeed, a study conducted in November 2016 found that rental prices had increased considerably in recent years.

Low interest rates, coupled with an underdeveloped rental housing system with weak tenant protections, have allowed housing speculation to continue in a relatively unbridled fashion. 32. (...) A/HRC/47/43/Add.1 GE.21-05608 11 These are important measures; however, they remain insufficient in providing adequate protection for tenants in rental accommodation. 41. Under the revised legislation, property owners can still increase rent every 12 months and there is no statutory limitation for such increases. (...) A/HRC/47/43/Add.1 12 GE.21-05608 is common and contributes to poor health outcomes.26 The poor housing stock of New Zealand causes a large amount of preventable respirational diseases. Children living in rental accommodation are more likely to be hospitalized or rehospitalized, and to die young.

Proportionally more respondents (about two thirds in rental accommodation in 2002) are now living in accommodation rented through Indigenous Community Housing Organisations (ICHOs), community housing or other private rental providers (up from one half in 1994).12 2. (...) Compounding the housing affordability crisis is the absolute decline in the availability of low-cost rental housing in both public and private sectors. (...) There is an overall shortage of supply of low-cost private rental housing. The supply of private rental dwellings has focused towards the high-end market.24 Also, as confirmed by AHURI, between 1996 and 2001 there was an absolute decline in the total number of dwellings that rented in the bottom four fifths of the rent distribution.25 E.

It was stressed that rental equivalent approach was adopted not only as a means of moving the CPI closer to the cost-of-living index, but rather in response to the difficulties in acquiring accurate data on mortgage costs and home purchase prices which were very volatile. Although operational factors played a critical role in this decision, the COLI framework was an essential factor in the adoption of rental equivalence. 36. The Swedish paper addressed the issue of formula and methodology used for computing a COLI. (...) Concerning the treatment of owner occupied housing the Swedish paper suggested that the rental equivalence and user cost approaches are appropriate for the COLI but not for the pure price index.

It provides rental accommodation at 60–80 per cent below market rate. (...) Security of tenure: joensei and monthly rental 31. There are three main forms of tenure in the Republic of Korea: owner-occupied housing, joensei and monthly rental. 32. (...) Over the past decade, the proportion of joensei on the rental market has declined. In 2017, 22.5 per cent of all households were in monthly rental contracts, as compared with 15.2 per cent in joensei rental arrangements.22 This is in part because the low interest earned through capital markets makes joensei contract arrangements less attractive to owners.

Some of those IDPs had been evicted from camps; others had probably received assistance such as rental subsidies, and used portions of their subsidies to construct more permanent dwellings. 9. (...) A/HRC/29/34/Add.2 6 GE.15-09203 of IDPs who, after a year of enjoying rental subsidies, were unable to continue paying their rent and therefore decided to return to the camps. (...) The World Bank has published a recent assessment of the Rental Support Cash Grant programmes, to learn the lessons from the rental subsidy programmes as applied in Haiti.

However, these measures appear to be insufficient and only address the needs of the higher end of the rental housing demand. 29. The liberalization of rental contracts initiated in 1985 by the Boyer Act, and continued in 1994 by the Urban Rental Law (Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos), aimed at facilitating in principle the renting of homes by the owners.28 However, it seems that this measure has not been 25 Economic Survey of Spain 2005: Stabilising the housing market, available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/53/3/34586052.pdf. 26 Ibid., p.5. 27 Official communication dated 6 February 2007. 28 The Boyer Act liberalized post-1985 rental contracts and in 1994, the minimum length of rental leases was set at five years. (...) A/HRC/7/16/Add.2 page 11 fully productive, has not acted as an incentive to the rental market, and has possibly affected security of tenure. (...) This phenomenon affects mostly households that have old rental contracts (contracted before the Boyer Act), which establish indefinite rental periods at prices notably inferior to the market.

Kemp, “Low-income tenants in the private rental housing market”, Housing Studies, vol. 26 (2011), pp. 1019 and 1020-1021. (...) Malpezzi, “Rental housing in developing countries: issues and constraints, in Rental Housing: Proceedings of an Experts Group Meeting(Nairobi, United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, 1990), pp. 104 and 113. 67 S. (...) Gilbert and others, In Search of a Home: Rental and Shared Housing in Latin America (UCL Press and the University of Arizona Press, 1993).

Since a new rental law was introduced in 1996, there has been a dual system of rental contracts. (...) In contrast, contracts under the new rental regime are usually for the short-to- medium term, and much more expensive, as their median rent is estimated to be roughly six times higher than that of contracts under the old rental regime. While rent-to-income ratios for new rental agreements were still at affordable levels in 2008 (14 per cent), they have soared significantly, to 39 per cent in 2017, meaning that many of the 1.5 million households with old rental contracts could not afford new rental contracts.18 B.