The subsequent sub-samples resulted in four sub- groups: Smokers, recent ex-smokers (who quit smoking in the last 12 months), ex-smokers who have quit more than 12 months ago, and non-smokers. (...) Smokers, and recent ex-smokers, not surprisingly, were more aware of the warnings than long term ex-smokers or non-smokers.
2000 1996
Total Very Quite Total Very Quite Important Important Important Important
% % % % % %
Smokers 71 49 22 67 43 24
Recent Ex-Smokers 78 50 28 76 52 24
Long Term Ex-Smokers 80 58 22 82 62 20
Non-Smokers 86 73 13 85 67 18
❚ Evaluation of the Health Warnings and Explanatory Messages on Tobacco Products ❚ Executive Summary 5
Awareness of the health information on the side of cigarette packs was overall lower than awareness of the warning on the front of the pack. (...) Front Label Warning 2000 1996
% aware % aware
Smokers 98 98
Recent Ex-Smokers 97 99
Long term Ex-Smokers 83 86
Non-Smokers 80 79
Side Information 2000 1996
% aware % aware
Smokers 67 72
Recent Ex-Smokers 52 60
Long term Ex-Smokers 38 24
Non-Smokers 20 19
Back Information 2000 1996
% aware % aware
Smokers 62 71
Recent Ex-Smokers 46 53
Long term Ex-Smokers 34 25
Non-Smokers 20 25
6 ❚ Evaluation of the Health Warnings and Explanatory Messages on Tobacco Products ❚ Executive Summary
Despite an awareness of the health warning labels there was virtually universal agreement throughout the group discussions that the labels have become less noticeable over time.
Language:English
Score: 1464757.9
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...ArtElevenCommonwealthEight.pdf
Data Source: un
Stage 1 of the research consisted of forty four (44) mini-group discussions (4-
5 people in each group) conducted among current smokers, recent and
long term ex-smokers, and non-smokers. (...) However, the main focus of the research was on ‘regular’ smokers. ‘Recent’
ex-smokers were those who had not smoked for the last 6-12 months and
‘long-term’ ex-smokers those who had not smoked for the last 12 months or
more.
(...) The new warnings will also encourage smokers
(especially new smokers) to think more about the health consequences of
smoking.
Language:English
Score: 1451944.9
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...rtElevenAustraliaTwentyone.pdf
Data Source: un
Conclusion: Smokers are not fully informed about the risks of smoking. (...) Similar to the results for health knowledge, Canadian smokers were more likely to agree that tobacco smoke contains each of the three smoke constituents relative to US, UK, and Australian smokers. (...) The findings indicate significant gaps in smokers’ understanding of the risks of smoking: most, but not all, smokers reported that smoking causes heart disease and lung cancer in smokers—health conse- quences that have been established for over 25 years; more than a quarter of smokers did not believe that smoking caused stroke; and fewer than half of smokers believed that smoking causes impotence.
Language:English
Score: 1447844.6
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...uments/ArtElevenHammondOne.pdf
Data Source: un
However, the labels also may lead to defensive reactions among smokers. In an experimental setting, smokers and nonsmokers were exposed to Canadian or U.S. warning labels. Compared with current U.S. labels, Canadian labels produced more negative affective reactions to smoking cues and to the smoker image among both smokers and nonsmokers without signs of defensive reactions from smokers. (...) We used a two-
way factorial design in which smokers and
nonsmokers were randomly assigned to either a
Canadian warning label condition (n584, with 43
smokers and 41 nonsmokers) or a U.S warning label
condition (n585, with 45 smokers and 40 nonsmo-
kers).
Language:English
Score: 1420557.9
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...s/ArtElevenPetersSeventeen.pdf
Data Source: un
Produced by the Vietnam Post Corporation, the stamp on the topic of “Tobacco harms prevention and control” serves to raise public awareness on the harmful effects of tobacco to smokers as well as second-hand smokers.
The stamp portrays the contrasting image of a healthy lung not impacted by smoking and that of the lung of a smoker and his family who have been exposed to smoking, with the message “Do not smoke for you and the health of your beloved ones.”
(...) “Tobacco smoke affects not only smokers’ health but also the health of innocent people next to smokers, the second-hand smokers,” said Dr Kidong Park, WHO Representative in Viet Nam in his speech at the launch of the stamp. “Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke has been shown to cause a 30% increase in the risk of heart diseases in non-smokers.”
Exposure to tobacco smoke can have more dramatic impact on a non-smoker’s body than that of a smoker; hence lower levels of smoke can cause adverse effects on second-hand smokers.
Language:English
Score: 1419962.5
-
https://www.who.int/vietnam/ne...-launched-on-tobacco-awareness
Data Source: un
Results: Virtually all smokers (91%) reported having read the warning labels and smokers demonstrated a thorough knowledge of their content. (...) As a result, virtually all smokers are exposed to the intervention, and pack-a-day smokers are potentially exposed to the warnings over 7000 times per year.
(...) A logistic regression was also conducted to determine whether depth of processing scores at baseline could predict which smokers had engaged in any cessation behaviour. As table 3 indicates, smokers who read, thought about, and discussed the warnings labels in greater depth at baseline were signifi- cantly more likely to either quit, attempt to quit, or reduce their smoking at follow up, adjusting for smoking status at baseline (intention to quit, daily consumption, years smok- ing, and prior quit attempts), and sex and educational status.
Language:English
Score: 1416255.5
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...s/ArtElevenHammondFourteen.pdf
Data Source: un
The campaign urges all people – smokers and non-smokers – to respect the law and respect others’ health by taking action to stop indoor smoking, thereby reducing exposure to second-hand smoke. (...) "Engaging social media users and encouraging non-smokers to speak up will help improve compliance with Viet Nam's smoke-free laws, protecting the health of smokers and non-smokers, especially women and children. (...) There will be two slogans: one for smokers and another for non-smokers.
For smokers: “Respect: No smoking indoors” (in Vietnamese, “Hãy tôn trọng: Không hút thuốc trong nhà”
For non-smokers: “Respect your health: Speak up” (in Vietnamese, “Tôn trọng sức khoẻ của bạn: hãy lên tiếng”)
The campaign brand logo and the campaign Facebook profile photo frame
Campaign period and mechanics The campaign will be launched at the official Facebook account of WHO Viet Nam on 27 September 2018 and will last until 31 December 2018.
Language:English
Score: 1414858.1
-
https://www.who.int/vietnam/ne...and-viet-nam-s-smoke-free-laws
Data Source: un
The authors found that current smokers had higher prevalence (0.56%) of self-reported, confirmed COVID-19 compared to both non-smokers (0.26%) and former smokers (0.19%). (...) Stress about serious illness was also significant, with current and former smokers having higher odds of reporting it than never smokers. Despite this stress, however, current smokers were more prone to risks, reporting lower adherence to recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 than never smokers.
Language:English
Score: 1409481.6
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/cop/T...n's-COVID-19-Science-Brief.pdf
Data Source: un
Looking at final puffs, 29% had smokers’ fingers at least partially in contact with the cigarette. (...) The “Lowest” tar category
(1–2 mg standard tar) will require more work that most
smokers are willing to do,92 and those high nicotine smokers
who fail to learn by trial and error to block vents may switch
back to higher tar cigarettes.132 135 But not all smokers of Low-
est tar cigarettes are working to get high yields from these
cigarettes. Some smokers of these cigarettes are simply very
light smokers with low nicotine needs; others work hard by
blocking filter vents and taking more and bigger puffs and
smoking more cigarettes per day to get adequate levels of
nicotine from these cigarettes.135
Industry research shows that smokers make trade-offs
between perceived safety and satisfaction from cigarettes.
Language:English
Score: 1403620.5
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...nts/ArtElevenKozlowskiFive.pdf
Data Source: un
Even in the early 1980’s, it was understood that measurements made using the ISO/FTC protocol did not quantify the actual delivery of toxins to the smoker since individual smokers smoked with a variety of puff profiles that differed from those used in the machine testing. (...) Its time for a change: cigarette smokers deserve meaningful information about their cigarettes. (...) Anything but ‘empowerment’? Smokers, tar and nicotine
data and cigarette design.
Language:English
Score: 1397043.9
-
https://www.who.int/fctc/treat...nstruments/ArtElevenSACSix.pdf
Data Source: un
