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Political will and leadership for durable solutions .......................................... 52–53 12 IX. Governmental coordination for durable solutions and protection of IDPs ....... 54–59 13 X. (...) Political will and leadership for durable solutions 52. The Special Rapporteur notes with satisfaction the steps already taken towards durable solutions for IDPs.

Relocation does not necessarily mean or imply a durable solution. 1. IDPs 9. The current number of IDPs in Sri Lanka is itself an issue to be addressed in the context of finding durable solutions on a comprehensive basis. (...) International frameworks to address durable solutions 23. The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement recognize that IDPs have the right to choose among three settlement options which, if sustainable, will lead to a durable solution: (i) return to their place of origin; (ii) integration in the area of displacement; or (iii) settlement in another part of the country. (...) That implies that physical relocation or return do not in themselves constitute durable solutions. The IASC Framework identifies the human rights- based principles that should inform the pursuit of durable solutions and sets out criteria to identify the extent to which a durable solution has been attained.

While the durable solutions should be approached from a humanitarian and development perspective and not be dependent on a political settlement, the continuing absence of a political solution to the conflict, in addition to the worrying security and human rights situation and inadequate housing conditions, continues to remain a major obstacle to achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons from Abkhazia and from the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia. (...) III. Search for durable solutions for internally displaced persons in Georgia A. (...) Obstacles to achieving durable solutions to internal displacement in Georgia 44.

As of the end 4 The impact of the various housing solutions and whether they can offer long-term solutions for IDPs is developed in a chapter of the report on durable solutions for IDPs (see chapter V. below). (...) Owing to a lack of progress in finding alternative solutions for the camps, many landowners afraid of losing their land have exerted pressure on IDPs to leave. (...) V. Search for durable solutions for internally displaced persons 62. The Special Rapporteur’s assessment is that conditions are right for Haiti to transit more formally to a development rights-based approach for the achievement of durable solutions for IDPs.

While durable solutions for internally displaced persons should continue to be approached from a humanitarian and development perspective, the continuing absence of a political solution to the unresolved conflict remains a major obstacle to achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons from Abkhazia, Georgia, and from the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia. (...) Considering overall needs and the fact that every registered internally displaced person is entitled by law to a durable housing solution, such solutions remain limited, despite the efforts of the authorities, and the Government struggles to find sufficient funds in the State budget for this purpose. 21. (...) The Special Rapporteur also encourages the donor community to continue to provide funding and support for initiatives aimed at supporting durable solutions, 12 In its framework on durable solutions for internally displaced persons, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee states: “A durable solution is achieved when internally displaced persons no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination on account of their displacement.” 13 World Bank, “Supporting the livelihoods of internally displaced persons in Georgia” (May 2013).

Protection during displacement ...................................................................... 43–51 13 C. Durable solutions............................................................................................ 52–66 15 V. (...) A/HRC/19/54/Add.1 GE.12-10282 15 C. Durable solutions 52. According to the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, a durable solution to internal displacement is achieved when “IDPs no longer have specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and such persons can enjoy their human rights without discrimination resulting from their displacement” (A/HRC/13/21/Add.4, para. 8). IDPs often need assistance in resuming their lives and achieving durable solutions after being displaced, either in the form of return to their home or place of habitual residence, local integration in host communities, or resettlement elsewhere in the country.

A/HRC/23/44/Add.2 14 GE.13-14985 3. Durable solutions (a) Areas of return: security, services and livelihoods 42. Of the three durable solutions available to IDPs, returns have been given priority in the DDPD. (...) (c) Transition from humanitarian emergency to durable solutions 51. The Special Rapporteur is pleased to note that while there continue to be pockets of insecurity and fighting in some parts of Darfur, the international community and the Government of Sudan believe that there are now significant opportunities for achieving durable solutions for IDPs in Darfur.

Given the protracted nature of displacement and the need for a firm evidence-based approach to durable solutions, the data collected during the latest UNHCR participatory assessment (2013) are an important basis from which to develop a policy for local integration of IDPs as a transitional solution pending the establishment of conditions which would allow those IDPs wishing to return to the Nagorno-Karabakh region to do so in accordance with Guiding Principle28.5 The data could be used to design a larger scale IDP profiling exercise to determine appropriate durable solutions following the criteria set out in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. (...) V. Search for durable solutions for internally displaced persons 62. Achieving a durable solution enables IDPs to resume their normal life. Principles 28–30 of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement make provision for durable solutions and the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons provides guidance on how to achieve durable solutions, which is often a complex process.

Other attacks and resulting internal displacements have also taken place more recently, and are further detailed in the “Durable solutions” section of the present report (section IV (B)). (...) However, at the time of the visit, many IDPs who had received this allowance had already exhausted it without any durable solutions in sight, and no livelihood and employment programmes had yet been implemented. (...) Measures to promote durable solutions 48. While the number of returns and the dismantling of IDP camps was considered an indicator of success by the Government,25 the Special Rapporteur believes that insufficient attention was paid to the establishment of conditions favourable to durable solutions, and in 23 See A/HRC/19/54, A/HRC/19/54/Add.2 and A/66/285. 24 CARE, Danish Refugee Council and OXFAM, Towards Durable Solutions for Displaced Ivoirians, joint briefing paper (2011), p. 7. 25 Côte d’Ivoire, Programme de travail gouvernemental – matrice d’actions prioritaires, juillet– décembre 2011.