Efforts to estimate spending on pollution control and other environmental activities by the private sector were also made. (...) Despite many methodological problems involved in the elaboration of these indicators, it was possible to identify trends and conclusions for environmental spending. At the federal government level, it was estimated that environmental expenditures were between 0.4% and 1% of the federal spending. (...) If the estimated industrial environmental spending (R$ 160 million) is added, the total spending becomes R$ 4.1 billion (0.34% of GDP), or R$ 23.9 per capita (US$ 9.6 per capita).
Language:English
Score: 698201.5
-
https://www.cepal.org/en/publi...sustainable-development-brazil
Data Source: un
This feedback effect requires the government to invest even more to compensate for the loss of private spending in social sectors in order to ensure that MDG targets are met, thereby incurring more additional pub lic spending. (...) Note: Under the MDG financing scenarios public spending rises until defining a path towards meeting a set of five targets by 2015. Additional public spending requirement and GDP growth loss/gain refer to the difference between the estimate of, respectively, public spending and GDP growth under each of the MDG financing scenarios and the estimate for the same variables under a baseline scenario.
Language:English
Score: 698201.5
-
https://www.un.org/development...ads/sites/45/policybrief42.pdf
Data Source: un
However, at the same time, other regions (Simiyu and Ruvuma) performed well despite a relatively low level of spending, and some regions with a relatively high level of spending did not necessarily have a high NER (Dodoma). (...) Regional variations in school infrastructure are also significant, with some degree of correlation with spending as shown by Figure 11, where higher spending is associated with a lower pupil per class ratio. (...) For instance, Mozambique spends around uS$ 91 per primary student, which does not differ much from Tanzania’s level of spending and has a far lower completion rate (48 per cent16).
Language:English
Score: 697992.7
-
https://www.unicef.org/tanzani...017-Education-Budget-Brief.pdf
Data Source: un
The main empirical findings are that government spending is a powerful determinant of education outcomes, but this is not the case for health, and that spending on non-education programmes are also at least as important. (...) More information
Public Spending on education in Latin America: Does it pay? (...) More information
Public Spending in Mexico. How to Enhance Its Effectiveness. - March 2001
Bonturi M. y B.
Language:English
Score: 697262.55
-
https://www.cepal.org/ofilac/en/public-expenditure
Data Source: un
However,
it INDIRECTLY impacts health it INDIRECTLY impacts health
spending by constraining the size of spending by constraining the size of
the national budget and by the national budget and by
promoting policies that can slow the promoting policies that can slow the
speed of economic growth at the cost speed of economic growth at the cost
of revenue.of revenue.
(...) Sees limited role for governments vs. the private sector the private sector
IMF Program TargetsIMF Program Targets
Fiscal targets Fiscal targets –– Impact budget sizeImpact budget size
•• ““Fiscal spaceFiscal space””
Fiscal targeting indirectly impacts Fiscal targeting indirectly impacts
health spending through impacting health spending through impacting
size of the national budgetsize of the national budget
Fiscal policy thatFiscal policy that’’s too risk averse s too risk averse
can eliminate options for key can eliminate options for key
spendingspending
IEO ReportIEO Report
Looked at 29 countries in SSA with Looked at 29 countries in SSA with
IMF programs from 1999IMF programs from 1999--20052005
Each new $1.00 in expected aid Each new $1.00 in expected aid
increases led to $0.27 in additional increases led to $0.27 in additional
spendingspending
Only countries meeting IMF program Only countries meeting IMF program
fiscal and monetary targets were fiscal and monetary targets were
permitted to spend most of new aidpermitted to spend most of new aid
IEO ReportIEO Report
IMF paid IMF paid ““almost no attention to almost no attention to
sectors such as education, health or sectors such as education, health or
infrastructureinfrastructure””
No evidence that the IMF No evidence that the IMF ““took into took into
account possible tradeaccount possible trade--offsoffs”” b/tb/t
financing constraints and financing constraints and
opportunitiesopportunities
CGD ReportCGD Report
““The evidence suggests that IMFThe evidence suggests that IMF--
supported fiscal programs have often supported fiscal programs have often
been too conservative or risk averse. been too conservative or risk averse.
(...) It’’s getting inflation further s getting inflation further from 10% to 5% that really hurts.from 10% to 5% that really hurts.””
-- Peter Peter HowittHowitt
““Policies that are overly concerned with Policies that are overly concerned with macroeconomic stability may turn out to macroeconomic stability may turn out to be too austere, lowering economic growth be too austere, lowering economic growth from its optimal level and impeding from its optimal level and impeding progress on poverty reduction.progress on poverty reduction.”” -- GAOGAO
Further SupportFurther Support
IEO IEO –– ““[T]he evidence points to [T]he evidence points to inflation concerns as a major driver inflation concerns as a major driver of crossof cross--country differences in country differences in programmed spending of incremental programmed spending of incremental aidaid……countries with inflation rates countries with inflation rates below 5% get to spend 79% of below 5% get to spend 79% of anticipated increases, on average, anticipated increases, on average, whereas countries with higher whereas countries with higher inflation get to spend only 15% of inflation get to spend only 15% of such increases, on average.such increases, on average.””
Language:English
Score: 696183.7
-
https://www.who.int/workforcea...sen_Results_Education_Fund.pdf
Data Source: un
An analysis of spending by leading economies, led by Oxford’s Economic Recovery Project and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), finds only 18.0% of announced recovery spending can be considered ‘green.’
(...) What is the role of recovery spending in addressing inequalities exacerbated by COVID-19?
(...) Key findings of the analysis in terms of recovery spending:
$341bn or 18.0% of spending was green, mostly accounted for by a small group of high-income countries.
Language:English
Score: 695331.05
-
https://www.un.org/africarenew...e-track-green-recovery-not-yet
Data Source: un
Growth in revenues is expected to be driven by increases in income tax and non-tax revenues which underperformed in 2017. Spending pressure is likely to come from an increase in the wage bill and capital spending.
(...) Interest payments are crowding out other critical spending. Higher than planned costs on interest payments have forced Government to cut spending from other critical budget lines or borrow more to make up the shortfall. (...) The government securities market is understandably
5
Interest payments are crowding out other critical spending. Higher than planned costs on interest payments have forced Government to cut spending from other critical budget lines or borrow more to make up the shortfall.
Language:English
Score: 694862.16
-
https://www.unicef.org/zambia/...-Budget-Performance-Review.pdf
Data Source: un
While
the government health spending increased by 22 percent in absolute terms, the share of government
health spending out of total government spending is still low, at 7.7 percent highlighting the need
to identify and introduce new domestic financing mechanisms.
2. (...) This indicates the susceptibility of the overall health spending to donor spending fluctuations.
3.3 FINANCING AGENTS: WHO MANAGES HEALTH
FUNDS?
(...) While government health spending increased 22 percent in absolute terms, the share of government health
spending out of total government spending is 7.7 percent.
Language:English
Score: 694680
-
https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/events/2013/liberia_nha.pdf
Data Source: un
Household spending is known to be frequently the largest component.
(...) This is used to assess spending related to MDG 4.
3b. Results_CH Results Results presented as based on the inputs provided in sheet "3a. (...) This is used to assess spending related to MDG 5.
4b. Results_ MNH+SRH Results Results presented as based on the inputs provided in sheet "4a.
Language:English
Score: 693934.6
-
https://www.who.int/choice/gettool.pdf
Data Source: un
Public dissemination
of results and spending by age group and gender would facilitate local authorities and other stakeholders to monitor
how conditions for young people improve over time.
3. Adopt principles of results-based reporting to spending on children, adolescents, and youth, with a particular focus on
equity and effectiveness, including gender equity. (...) Possible criteria for spending
effectiveness include the degree to which budget programs intended for children, adolescents, and youth (directly or
indirectly) succeed in achieving their objectives.
4.
Language:English
Score: 693791.2
-
https://www.unicef.org/media/105251/file
Data Source: un
