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General considerations pertaining to substantial elements of a legally binding instrument . . . . . 6 III. Substantial elements of a legally binding instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 A. (...) General considerations pertaining to substantial elements of a legally binding instrument 12.

(iii) it is accordingly important that UNOMB continue to be available until the elections for the autonomous Bougainville Government art held - in order to pond to a request fkom any of the parties to determine whether conditions are conducive to holding the elections, or whether they should be deferred, as provided in (3). 5 S/2004/771 (3) responding to a request by any of the parties ‘to verify and certify whether there has been substantial compliance in the handing in of weapons and whether the level of security of the weapons makes it conducive to holding the ejections’ - and recommending whether the elections for the autonomous Bougainville Government should be deferred, and, if so, for how long. (...) (2) Elections to the Bougainville Legislature may be held only - (a) in accordance with an agrcemcnt reached in accordance with Paragraph 8 (a) of the weapons disposal plan contained in the @3ougainville Peace] Agreement; or on verification and certification by the Director of the United Nations Observer Mission in BougahviUe, of substantial compliance with, and generally in accordance with Paragraph 8@) of, the weapons disposal plan according to the jIBougainville Peace] Agreement (...) Weapons disposal In any event, any of the parties may call on the W O M B with I the assistance of thc PMG peace Monitoring Group, now\ withdrawn] to verify and certify whether there has been substantial compliance by the parties in the handing in of weapons and whether the level of security of thc weapons makes it conducive to holding the elections.

Thus, under the eIDAS, the “substantial equivalence” has already been established for parties relying on any respective system within the European Union. Outside such a closed system such as eIDAS, the burden on parties to prove or disprove “substantial equivalence” would itself be substantial. (...) But where the domestic law, as in draft article 26 only provides protection to parties if the parties can show “substantial equivalence” of a foreign system.

Mozambique began to accumulate substantial external debt in the late 1970s following independence from Portugal. (...) Mozambique has achieved impressive economic growth and a substantial reduction of poverty since 1992. According to the IMF, the Mozambican economy grew by 8 per cent annually and poverty levels fell from 69 per cent in 1996-1997 to 54 per cent in 2002-2003. (...) The central objective of the PARPA 2001-2005 is a substantial reduction in the levels of absolute poverty in Mozambique through the adoption of measures to improve the capacities of, and the opportunities available to, all Mozambicans, especially the poor.

The Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides that every accused person has the right to receive the assistance of an advocate at the State’s expense “if substantial injustice would otherwise result” (Section 50(2) (h)). It is clear that a substantial injustice results when an accused person is convicted and sentenced to death without having the opportunity to put forward an adequate defense with the assistance of a trained advocate. (...) xiv) Delays in the appeal process 56. Inmates reported substantial delays in the appeal process, with several noting that people could spend up to 10 years waiting for their appeals to be heard and determined.

The base has capacity for 2,500 soldiers, and includes substantial fuel-storage capabilities for tanks and other armored vehicles (...) During the fighting, Georgian armed forces encountered substantial Russian forces and separatist militias on the Zara bypass road leading to the northeastern part of Tskhinvali and the village of Khetagurovo, which had been substantially re-enforced with advanced artillery systems, armored vehicles, and self-propelled artillery. (...) All sources report substantial Russian and Abkhaz deployments in the region.

Quantifying the scale of the movement, however, is made difficult by the limited information on movements to and from the country, and the fact that there are substantial undocumented flows in and out of Indonesia. 5. (...) Some 4 million Indonesians now work abroad,12 many of them from very poor areas, and they are often forced to pay substantial sums to reach their destinations. Most Indonesian migrants abroad send remittances home which are critical to the country’s economy. 12 See http://ipsnews.net/migration/stories/entrepreneur.html. (...) It should also impose substantial penalties on companies that fail to respect the rights of the employees they recruit. 62.

Kazakhstan is a diverse multi-ethnic society with substantial human resources and capacity. Religious pluralism has been a hallmark of society, including long-standing tolerance for religious diversity, specifically for established religious communities, in a society that defines itself as staunchly secular and non-discriminatory (A/HRC/28/66/Add.1, para. 3). (...) Specific impact on religious rights and absolute rights to freedom of thought and belief 24. There is substantial concern that non-violent criticism of State policies can effectively constitute a criminal offence (A/HRC/37/52, para. 47). (...) The prison infrastructure of Kazakhstan has experienced substantial changes since the State’s establishment.

The Government is making substantial investments, raising public awareness and improving data on land ownership, but needs to accelerate the pace of fire prevention through the implementation of climate-smart and fire- smart land management. (...) A recent study indicated that placing greater emphasis on active transport (walking and cycling) in Porto, which would require substantial infrastructure changes, would produce major health and economic benefits.35 The findings are applicable throughout urban areas in Portugal. 40. (...) Ventilation issues and/or indoor pollutant levels that exceeded recommended limits have been found in a substantial number of classrooms surveyed in Portugal.39 C.

In this respect, what has been accomplished in the past two years is substantial by any standards. Full normalization of bilateral ties has progressed beyond expectations - not only in terms of its nominal diplomatic features but also in terms of structured, periodic and comprehensive bilateral consultations, including Summits that have and continue to take place. (...) A “repressive government that is at loggerheads with its people” can hardly galvanize massive and voluntary participation and substantial contributions from all segments of society both inside the country and in the Diaspora.