LETTER DATED 28 AUGUST 2020 FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL AND THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL
.: General
28 August 2020
Resolution 2540 (2020)
Adopted by the Security Council on 28 August 2020
The Security Council,
Recalling its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the situation
in Somalia,
Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political inde-
pendence, and unity of Somalia, and underscoring the importance of working to pre-
vent the destabilising effects of regional disputes from spilling over into Somalia,
Expressing serious concern at the ongoing threat posed by Al-Shabaab, as well
as the presence of affiliates linked to Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also
known as Da’esh), condemning the attacks by Al-Shabaab in Somalia and the region,
including the attack on 28 December 2019 which killed over 90 people and injured
over 140, expressing concern at the increase in the use of Improvised Explosive De-
vices (IEDs), and reiterating its determination to support comprehensive efforts to
reduce the threat posed by Al-Shabaab in Somalia,
Paying tribute to the bravery and sacrifices made by the Somali security forces
and African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and in the fight against Al-Sha-
baab, commending the contribution of AMISOM to building lasting peace and stabil-
ity in Somalia, recognising that security provided by AMISOM continues to make a
significant contribution, and further recognising the need to make international sup-
port for Somali security efforts more efficient and effective, particularly ahead of the
Somali security institutions and forces taking the lead on security in 2021,
Emphasising the essential role of the United Nations Assistance Mission in So-
malia (UNSOM) in supporting the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and its
Federal Member States (FMS) through the provision of strategic advice and good
offices, capacity building, and the coordination of international partners’ support, in-
cluding with respect to elections support, underscoring that this mandate is comple-
mentary to the mandates of AMISOM, the United Nations Country Team and support
provided by other international partners, and underlining the importance of coordina-
tion among international partners,
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Expressing its full support for the Special Representative of the Secretary -Gen-
eral and head of UNSOM, and for the Special Representative of the Chairperson of
the African Union Commission for Somalia and Head of AMISOM, and encouraging
efforts to further strengthen relations between the FGS and the United Nations,
Welcoming Somalia’s attainment of the decision point under the Heavily In-
debted Poor Countries Initiative on 25 March 2020, further welcoming Somalia’s eco-
nomic and financial reforms and the development of its ninth National Development
Plan which have underpinned this, including FGS-FMS cooperation, and recalling
that further collaboration on political, security, development and economic reforms
will be essential to meet the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative Completion
Point,
Emphasising the importance of a comprehensive approach to peacebuilding and
sustaining peace in Somalia, particularly through the prevention of conflict, address-
ing root causes at all stages of conflict, and undertaking po litical, economic and se-
curity reforms, and promoting social development,
Further welcoming commitments made by Somali stakeholders at the 2019 So-
malia Partnership Forum to accelerate security sector, economic and political reforms,
in particular commitments to deepen federalism and conduct elections in 2020/2021
that are free, fair, credible and, welcoming also recent dialogue between the FGS and
FMS, reiterating that elections, which are to be held in 2020/2021, should be trans-
parent and inclusive, held in accordance with the Provisional Federal Constitution of
Somalia and taking fully into account the recommendations of the National Independ-
ent Electoral Commission (NIEC) and relevant parliamentary legislation, and be un-
derpinned by broad based consensus involving all relevant stakeholders including the
FGS, FMS and Parliament, underscoring the importance of a timely and inclusive
electoral process for Somalia’s political stability, and further reiterating its expecta-
tion that future elections in Somalia ensure the representation of all Somalis, in line
with long-standing commitments to conduct one-person-one-vote elections,
Welcoming progress made in recent meetings between the FGS and FMS, em-
phasising the urgency of full cooperation between the FGS and all FMS, noting the
responsibilities of all parties to improve cooperation and engage in discussions led by
the FGS in Dhusamareb, and underlining of the importance of cooperation and con-
sensus for further progress on key national priorities, including th e implementation
of the National Security Architecture, agreement on a federated justice system, power
and resource-sharing, the constitutional review, fiscal federalism, and the planning
and holding of national elections,
Welcoming also the enactment in February 2020 of the Electoral Law, which
represents a significant step forward, and the resolution of key outstanding issues by
the Somali Federal Parliament, in collaboration with the NIEC, including the defini-
tion of constituencies, allocation of seats to constituencies, implementation of the 30
percent quota of seats for women to which Somalia has committed and representation
of Benadir and “Somaliland”, and noting the importance of timely donor support once
an implementable, affordable and democratic electoral model has been agreed,
Further reaffirming the importance of inclusive politics and democratic elec-
tions in ensuring long-term peace and stability in Somalia, underlining the need for
swift implementation of the jointly agreed Mutual Accountability Framework, includ-
ing the political, economic and security milestones, and recognising that the FGS has
the primary responsibility to deliver Somalia’s commitments in close cooperation
with FMS,
Expressing concern about delays in consolidating Somalia’s federal system and
underscoring the importance of progress on key priorities, including power and
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resource-sharing, shared responsibilities for security, the constitutional review and
fiscal federalism, all of which require political agreements that can form the basis for
legislation in the Federal Parliament,
Recognising reconciliation efforts in Galmudug, reaffirming the importance of
continued peace and reconciliation in Jubaland, underlining the importance of dia-
logue and local reconciliation processes to stability in Somalia, and further reaffirm-
ing the importance of leadership from the FGS and engagement by the FMS in de -
escalating tensions and engaging in constructive dialogue,
Welcoming the direct talks between the leaders of Somalia and “Somaliland” in
Djibouti from June 12-15, and encouraging additional technical and political discus-
sions between the parties to build confidence and strengthen political coordination,
Welcoming an increased focus on the need to revitalise the high-level meetings
of the Comprehensive Approach to Security through the newly established Security
and Justice Committee progress on security sector reforms, including on electronic
payment of the security forces, human resource management, progress in imp lement-
ing the New Police Model, and initial progress in conducting operations against Al -
Shabaab in Lower Shabelle, expressing its concern that there have been further delays
to the implementation of the National Security Architecture, the delivery of the So-
mali-led Transition Plan, which the FGS has committed to updating by the end of
September 2020, the generation of able, affordable, accountable and Somali forces,
and the integration of regional forces in the federal armed forces, further expressing
concern over the implications of the lack of political dialogue and rising tensions
between the FGS and some of the FMS in delaying a range of security reforms, and
underlining the need to accelerate implementation of security sector reforms,
Reiterating the need for coordinated engagement among all actors towards tran-
sition to Somali security leadership during 2021, in line with resolution 2520 (2020),
the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Strategic Concept of Operations
2018–2021, and the aims set out in the Somali-led Transition Plan, and emphasising
in this regard the importance of the independent assessment with a view to presenting
options to the Security Council on international engagement in security arrangements
in Somalia post-2021, including the role of the UN, in particular that of UNSOM, AU
and international partners, as mandated in its resolution 2520 (2020), and the need for
inclusive discussions with all relevant actors,
Expressing grave concern at ongoing humanitarian crises in Somalia as a result
of the protracted conflict and recurring events including drought, flooding and the
locust infestation, recognising that the COVID-19 pandemic presents an additional
and profound challenge to Somalia’s health system, socio-economic and humanitarian
situation, as well as social cohesion due to increased stigmatisation, expressing fur-
ther concern at the number of Somali refugees and increasing number of internally
displaced persons (IDPs), as well as their increasing humanitarian and protection
needs, welcoming the FGS’s recent ratification of the African Union Convention for
the Protection and Assistance of IDPs in Africa (the Kampala Convention), calling on
the FGS to fully implement its provisions and to make progress on its commitment to
deliver durable solutions for displaced persons in Somalia, reaffirming its strong con-
demnation of the deliberate targeting of civilians, including humanitarian personnel,
and civilian objects in situations of armed conflict, as well as the indiscriminate use
of weapons in populated areas and their consequences for the civilian population,
calling upon all parties to the conflict in Somalia to refrain from such practices in
accordance with their obligations under international law, welcoming the efforts by
the FGS, FMS, the United Nations, and the response and generous support by donors,
encouraging further cooperation with international and national humanitarian actors
to relieve immediate need, and underlining the need for greater and diverse
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investment in resilience, including for IDPs, in order to reduce long term need and
support Somalia to achieve sustainable development,
Condemning continued violations of international humanitarian law and viola-
tions and abuses of human rights, expressing deep concern in particular at violations
and abuses committed against children and those involving sexual and gender-based
violence in conflict and post-conflict situations, recognising that women and girls are
disproportionately affected by these violations and abuses in Somalia, recalling the
2020 Conclusions on Children and Armed Conflict (S/2020/174), resolution 1325
(2000) and all subsequent resolutions on Women, Peace and Security, encouraging
the swift enactment of the Somali Child Rights Act, underscoring the need to respect,
protect and promote human rights, end impunity, and hold accountable those respon-
sible for violations or abuses of human rights and violations of international human-
itarian law, and reaffirming its support for the United Nations’ zero tolerance policy
on sexual exploitation and abuse,
Recalling resolution 2532 (2020) demanding a general and immediate cessation
of hostilities in all situations on the Council’s agenda, as well as calling upon all
parties to armed conflicts to engage immediately in a durable humanitarian pause for
at least 90 consecutive days, in order to enable the safe, timely, unhindered and sus-
tained delivery of humanitarian assistance in accordance with the humanitarian prin-
ciples of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence,
Expressing deep concern about the serious humanitarian threat posed to civil-
ians by landmines, explosive remnants of war (ERW) and IEDs in Somalia, which
causes serious social and economic consequences for the population of Somalia, and
of personnel participating in law enforcement, humanitarian, peacekeeping, rehabili-
tation and clearance programmes and operations, recognising that mine action con-
tributes to the protection of civilians and supports stabilization and peacebuilding
efforts, and underlining the need to accelerate capacity-building measures that aim to
strengthen capacities to mitigate against the threat of landmines, ERW and IEDs in
Somalia,
Further recognising the adverse effects of climate change, other ecological
changes, natural disasters, among other factors, on the stability of Somalia, including
through drought, desertification, land degradation and food insecurity, and recalling
its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2011/15,
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