Assigned to Treatment Group
Assigned to Control Group
1: treated – not infected 2: treated – not infected 3: treated – infected
5: non-treated – infected 6: non-treated – not infected 7: non-treated – infected 8: non-treated – infected
4: non-treated – infected
Intention to Treat - ITT
● Intention to Treat is a key parameter ● Simply the difference between
● these assigned to the treatment ● and these assigned to the control
● Ignore the decision to participate
Assigned to Treatment Group(AT): 50% infected Assigned to Control Group(AC): 75% infected
● ITT = 50% - 75% = -25 percentage points
Intention to Treat (ITT)
• What does “intention to treat” measure? (...) Change Y(T)= Prob(Treated|T)-Prob(Treated|C)
School 2 Pupil 1 no no 2 Y(T) Pupil 2 no no 1 Y(C) Pupil 3 no yes 3 Prob(Treated|T) Pupil 4 no no 0 Prob(Treated|C) Pupil 5 no no 0 Pupil 6 no yes 3 Pupil 7 no no 0 Y(T)-Y(C) Pupil 8 no no 0 Prob(Treated|T)-Prob(Treated|C) Pupil 9 no no 0 Pupil 10 no no 0
Avg. (...) Change Y(T)= Prob(Treated|T)-Prob(Treated|C)
School 2 Pupil 1 no no 2 Y(T) Pupil 2 no no 1 Y(C) Pupil 3 no yes 3 Prob(Treated|T) Pupil 4 no no 0 Prob(Treated|C) Pupil 5 no no 0 Pupil 6 no yes 3 Pupil 7 no no 0 Y(T)-Y(C) Pupil 8 no no 0 Prob(Treated|T)-Prob(Treated|C) Pupil 9 no no 0 Pupil 10 no no 0
Avg.
Language:English
Score: 656839.45
-
www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/grou...s/presentation/wcms_418990.pdf
Data Source: un
It should be feasible for other countries to treat such entities as opaque only to the extent that they are so treated in their home country. (...) Essentially, Australia treats as partnerships certain foreign entities which it would otherwise treat as companies under its own domestic rules. (...) The general rule is easy to state: an instrument issued by a corporation is treated as equity if it is so treated by the corporation’s state of residence.
Language:English
Score: 648279.83
-
https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-.../09/8STM_CRP7_TaxArbitrage.pdf
Data Source: un
The tertiary treatment of wastewater tends to be energy-intensive, however.
Most wastewater is treated to the secondary level; secondary-treated water can be used for certain agricultural crops and for the production of fodder and woody crops (but it cannot be used for horticultural irrigation). (...) Wastewater quality and quantity
Wastewater quality and quantity
The inappropriate use of treated wastewater poses risks for humans and ecosystems, and the use of treated wastewater may also be culturally unacceptable. (...) This constitutes a highly risky use of potentially contaminated water.
Use of treated wastewater in dryland agroforestry systems
Use of treated wastewater in dryland agroforestry systems
Treated wastewater is an unconventional resource that may be available even in drylands with scarce surface water and groundwater resources.
Language:English
Score: 640260.94
-
https://www.fao.org/sustainabl...agroforestry/in-more-depth/en/
Data Source: un
No danger to humans from milk and meat from BST-treated cows
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Newsroom historic archives | New FAO newsroom
Expert committee: no danger to humans from milk and meat from BST-treated cows
Milk from BST-treated cows is declared safe by independent scientific committee
After examining new evidence, an FAO/WHO independent scientific committee has reconfirmed that the treating of cows with the hormone bovine somatotropins, known as BST, to increase milk production is safe. (...) In arriving at its conclusions on BST, JECFA considered possible problems such as the likelihood of a possible increase in the udder disease mastitis in BST-treated cows which could lead to contamination of milk with antibiotics used to treat mastitis. (...) The Committee considered whether exposure of new borns to milk from BST-treated cows might further increase this risk. It concluded that, because of its unchanged composition, the milk of BST-treated cows does not represent an additional risk to the development of IDDM.
Language:English
Score: 637475
-
https://www.fao.org/english/ne...m/highlights/1998/980301-e.htm
Data Source: un
Supplier Supplier's full address Supplier's Approved Manufacturing site address
S0000981
Rectangular polyester mosquito net/bednet, 75-100 denier, treated with
WHOPES recommended insecticide, colour: white/blue/green, dimensions
180x160x150cm (length x width x height) +/-5%
42105536 01-Jan-18 30-Dec-17 1900019435 Tana Netting FZ-LLC P.O. Box 50606 UAE - The United Arab
Emirates 4-KM, Kahna Kacha Road, Off Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
S0000982
Rectangular polyester mosquito net/bednet, 75-100 denier, treated with
WHOPES; dimensions190x180x150cm (length x width x height) 42105536 01-Jan-18 30-Dec-17 1900019435 Tana Netting FZ-LLC P.O. (...) Box 50606 UAE - The United Arab
Emirates 4-KM, Kahna Kacha Road, Off Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
S0000984
Rectangular polyester mosquito net/bednet, 75-100 denier, treated with
WHOPES recommended insecticide, colour: white/blue/green, available in
alternative dimensions
42105536 01-Jan-18 30-Dec-17 1900019435 Tana Netting FZ-LLC P.O.
Language:English
Score: 634803
-
https://www.unicef.org/supply/...insecticides%20nets%20LLIN.pdf
Data Source: un
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Key practice: Malaria prevention
Sleep under a treated mosquito net
Ensure that pregnant women and children sleep under insecticide treated nets (ITNs) every night.
(...) Sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net is the best way to prevent mosquito bites.
(...) Benefits of using inseticide treated nets
Sleeping under insecticide treated nets every night helps to control Malaria and Anaemia in children and adults, as well as reducing household expense on treatment and funeral expenses.
Language:English
Score: 632331.9
-
https://www.unicef.org/uganda/...ey-practice-malaria-prevention
Data Source: un
In Brezina the wastewater coming from the oasis will be treated and used to produce wood biomass for local...
Use of treated wastewater to fertigate the Green belt of Marrakesh, Morocco 21 August 2015
The webpage illustrates the use of treated wastewater to fertigate the Green belt of Marrakesh, Morocco. (...) The aim of the project is to study the feasibility of using treated wastewater by a specific treatment (preserve nutrients) and to reuse it in...
Language:English
Score: 630721.4
-
https://www.fao.org/sustainabl...try-and-agroforestry/cases/en/
Data Source: un
WHO Risk assessment model
Coverage of the model
Human health
Environment
Indoor and outdoor space spraying
Spray operators
Residents returning to treated houses
Bystanders who are present during an outdoor application
Aquatic organisms
Soil organisms
Terrestrial vertebrates
Insecticide treated nets
Persons sleeping under treated nets
Persons washing treated nets
Persons treating nets
Persons accidentally swallowing concentrated formulations
Children chewing treated netting
None
Indoor residual spraying
Spray operators
Residents living in treated houses
Residents who participate in preparing and applying the insecticides
None
Larviciding and mollusciciding
Spray operators
Residents coming into contact with or use treated waters
Aquatic organisms
Soil organisms
Terrestrial vertebrates
More information on the WHOPES risk assessment models, as well as spreadsheet calculators, can be found in the relevant sections of the Assessment Methods module of the Toolkit, or by clicking on the links in the table.
Language:English
Score: 630417.8
-
https://www.fao.org/pesticide-...ration/who-risk-assessment/es/
Data Source: un
Country F treats LLC as a corporation under its domestic law. (...) Country F treats FCo as a corporation under its domestic law. (...) The same result would be reached even if the tax laws of the other Contracting State would treat the entity differently (e.g., if the entity were not treated as fiscally transparent in the source State in the first example above where the entity is treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes).
Language:English
Score: 629983.64
-
https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-...9/9STM_CRP1_HybridEntities.pdf
Data Source: un
WHO Risk assessment model
Coverage of the model
Human health
Environment
Indoor and outdoor space spraying
Spray operators
Residents returning to treated houses
Bystanders who are present during an outdoor application
Aquatic organisms
Soil organisms
Terrestrial vertebrates
Insecticide treated nets
Persons sleeping under treated nets
Persons washing treated nets
Persons treating nets
Persons accidentally swallowing concentrated formulations
Children chewing treated netting
None
Indoor residual spraying
Spray operators
Residents living in treated houses
Residents who participate in preparing and applying the insecticides
None
Larviciding and mollusciciding
Spray operators
Residents coming into contact with or use treated waters
Aquatic organisms
Soil organisms
Terrestrial vertebrates
More information on the WHOPES risk assessment models, as well as spreadsheet calculators, can be found in the relevant sections of the Assessment Methods module of the Toolkit, or by clicking on the links in the table.
Language:English
Score: 628418.1
-
https://www.fao.org/pesticide-...ration/who-risk-assessment/zh/
Data Source: un