Reduces or eliminates APU, GPU and
air conditioning unit usage. Typically
requires substantial capital investment,
but often realizes fuel/maintenance
savings.
(...) The duty cycle for baggage and
cargo tractors typically varies as well: cargo tractors are typically rated for 45 000 kg
loads, and are used continuously during freight loading/unloading over a 3 to 8-hour
period, whereas baggage tractors typically require 13 500 to 27 000 kg ratings and
operate sporadically over an 8-hour shift. (...) CNG and electric) are
typically substantial:
a) CNG retrofits typically require the installation of fast-fill CNG dispensing systems capable of
serving sixty to eighty vehicles.
Language:English
Score: 770093.36
-
https://www.icao.int/environme...ons/Chapter2.website.v2.en.pdf
Data Source: un
Typical side effects of COVID-19 vaccine
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Language:English
Score: 770059.77
-
https://www.who.int/myanmar/em...de-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine
Data Source: un
New Study on Mapping of Egyptian Typical/Terroir Food Products | UNIDO
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New Study on Mapping of Egyptian Typical/Terroir Food Products
CAIRO, 4 August 2020, In the framework of Egypt National Contest for Typical Food Products, UNIDO has published the study of “Inventorying of Egyptian Typical / Terroir Food Products”.
Language:English
Score: 768716.94
-
https://www.unido.org/news/new...-typical-terroir-food-products
Data Source: un
VP classification, FECs) • “best-effort“ traffic
Dimensioning autonomous systems • routing optimization (based on OSPF) • network link and node dimensioning
Design of ATM/IP/MPLS networks • QoS related routing • traffic engineering
Network Design Tasks
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 4
Traffic generation
ü Point to point bandwidth demand matrices provided by user
ü Derived from IP access network designs ü Forecast based on user population and a
distribution model (like the gravity model, distribution factors to AS gateways and tera-pops)
Traffic classes
ü Aggregated traffic ü Different levels of QoS ü Per Diff-Serv Classification as default ü Over booking (blocking) allowance factor ü Multiple traffic matrices representing
multiple busy hours ü VPN traffic of each type
Routers
ü Router modeling ü Core fabric capacity (switching) and cost ü Types of interface cards, port granularity,
and costs ü Can model multiple types of routers ü User definable ü Default vendor library
Link facilities
ü TDM Circuits ü Layer 2 connections: ATM, FR, Ethernet , etc. ü User definable ü Transport bandwidth and cost
Traffic, Equipment and Facility Modeling
3
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 5
Inside
VPIserviceMaker™Distribution
VPIserviceMaker™ IP
VPIserviceMaker™ ATM
VPIserviceMaker™ Switch
VPIserviceMaker™ SS7
VPItransportMaker™ SONET-SDH
VPItransportMaker™ Optical Rings
VPItransportMaker™ Optical Mesh
VPItransportMaker™ Sync
Network Planning Module
Network Planning Module
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 6
Source: BT
Network Architecture: Layers & Technologies
4
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 7
OSNR analysis
Typical Applications • Calculation and updating of service
matrices using - Homogeneous or gravitation models - Target factors or interest factors - Kruithof balancing
Typical Applications • Calculation and updating of service
matrices using - Homogeneous or gravitation models - Target factors or interest factors - Kruithof balancing
Node Distance
In te
re st
R at
e Gravitity model
Service Matrix Calculations
VPIserviceMakerTM Distribution
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 8
Typical Applications • Embedded circuit switched
networks • Hierarchical and non-hierarchical
switched networks • Restructuring of traditional networks • Multi-carrier networks (POI)
Typical Applications • Embedded circuit switched
networks • Hierarchical and non-hierarchical
switched networks • Restructuring of traditional networks • Multi-carrier networks (POI)
40% breakdown
Breakdown analysis
Routing table generation
VPIserviceMakerTM Switch/SS7
5
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 9
Inputs: • Partially structured existing network
topology • Traffic matrix • Additional conditions (e.g. min. (...) /max. # of
transit exchanges, cost parameters)
Results: • Well structured 2-level voice backbone • 3 transit exchanges, 29 high capacity trunk
groups (down from 46)
Results: • Well structured 2-level voice backbone • 3 transit exchanges, 29 high capacity trunk
groups (down from 46)
Use Case: Restructuring a Mid-Sized Network
VPIserviceMakerTM Switch
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 10
TelephonyTelephony
VP Class1VP Class1
Video conference
Video conference
LAN emulation
LAN emulation
VBR-nrt SVC
VBR-nrt SVC
ABR SVC ABR SVC
CBR PVC CBR PVC
VBR-rt SVC
VBR-rt SVC
CBR SVC CBR SVC
VP Class 2VP Class 2 VP Class nVP Class n
Typical Applications • ATM multi-service networks • Frame Relay backbone networks • Carrier, enterprise and campus with • intelligent service mix and separation • cost-optimized topology • well balanced routing and trunk sizes • sufficient spare capacity for protection
Typical Applications • ATM multi-service networks • Frame Relay backbone networks • Carrier, enterprise and campus with • intelligent service mix and separation • cost-optimized topology • well balanced routing and trunk sizes • sufficient spare capacity for protection
ATM traffic classification
Traffic matrices
VPIserviceMakerTM ATM
6
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 11
Typical Applications • Plan, optimize, extend and investigate
IP networks: • Define subscribers (eg. modem, DSL or
LAN based) and characterize their services requirement traffic volume
• Distribute services into traffic flows between servers, edge and core routers, gateways
• Aggregate traffic flows and size trunks
VPIserviceMakerTM IP
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 12
Clock distribution tree
Failure scenario simulation
VPItransportMakerTMSync Typical Applications • Plan and optimize clock distribution
(PDH,SDH,SONET) • Design backup clock signal routes • Analyze network failure scenarios
Typical Applications • Plan and optimize clock distribution
(PDH,SDH,SONET) • Design backup clock signal routes • Analyze network failure scenarios
7
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 13
Multiple Client/ Demand Layers: SONET/SDH, optical, PDH and Ethernet
Design Options: Topology optimization Equipment libraries for every network layer Comprehensive routing options
Comprehensive Restoration Options:1+1, Shared, Pre-emptible, unprotected, N x 1 path protection
Comprehensive ring, mesh and hybrid capabilities
VPItransportMakerTM SONET/SDH Design
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 14
WDM with wavelength banding and OADMs • 2F and 4F Optical BLSR • 2F Optical UPSR
Cost driven WDM ring design
Enhanced visualization of results
Detailed List Of Material OADMs, WDMs, Tx/Rx, etc…
Different protection schemes per demand: unprotected, dedicated, shared, pre-emptible
Flexible protection granularities
VPItransportMakerTM Optical Ring Design
8
Network Planning Strategy for evolving Network Architectures Session 5.6- 15
Optimum ULH/standard system deployment
• Optimum placement of WDM systems, based on optical demands
• Cost-optimum design and topology optimization
Optimized wavelength routing and assignment
• User specifiable conversion assumptions
• Different protection options • Greenfield and embedded
scenarios
VPItransportMakerTM Optical Mesh Design
Language:English
Score: 768643.16
-
https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech...ructure_OLD/Bangkok-02/5-6.pdf
Data Source: un
Unlimited
40000
160400
249079
TOTAL
1000000
1010000
1025500
Normcell tariffs
Fixed fee
Per 250MB
Basic
1
1
Enhanced
1
1
Maxi
1
1
Unlimited
1
1
note: "unlimited" usage restricted to 10G in practice
Typical usage patterns (2016-2018)
% of customers not using data
% of customers using data within cap
Typical usage within limit (MB)
% of customers using data outside cap
Typical usage of each additional unit (MB)
Typical number of additional units
based on TRAN's market research
Basic
1%
1%
1
98%
1
1
Enhanced
1%
1%
1
98%
1
1
Maxi
1%
1%
1
98%
1
1
Unlimited
1%
1%
1
98%
1
1
Expected annual growth in broadband usage within each data package
1%
operator assumption
Typical usage patterns (2018)
Typical usage within limit (MB)
Basic
1
Enhanced
1
Maxi
1
Unlimited
1
Data volumes per annum: 2016, without Cloud
Subscribers
MB usage
Total MB (m)
Basic
600000
2
14
Enhanced
270000
2
6
Maxi
90000
2
2
Unlimited
40000
2
1
TOTAL
1000000
7.88
24
insert traffic volume to mobile cost model under Normcell scenario (edit sheet 2, Traffic, row 58).
Language:English
Score: 767378.76
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/R...Practical%20Exercise%2010.xlsx
Data Source: un
Unlimited
40000
163400
283279
TOTAL
1000000
1040000
1084000
Normcell tariffs
Fixed fee
Per 250MB
Basic
1
1
Enhanced
1
1
Maxi
1
1
Unlimited
1
0
note: "unlimited" usage restricted to 10G in practice
Typical usage patterns (2014)
% of customers not using data
% of customers using data within cap
Typical usage within limit (MB)
% of customers using data outside cap
Typical usage of each additional unit (MB)
Typical number of additional units
based on TRAN's market research
Basic
1%
1%
1
98%
1
1
Enhanced
0%
1%
1
99%
1
1
Maxi
0%
1%
1
99%
1
1
Unlimited
0%
1%
1
99%
0
0
Expected annual growth in broadband usage within each data package
1%
operator assumption
Typical usage patterns (2016)
Typical usage within limit (MB)
Basic
1
Enhanced
1
Maxi
1
Unlimited
1
Data volumes per annum: 2014, without Cloud
Subscribers
MB usage
Total MB (m)
Basic
600000
2
14
Enhanced
270000
2
6
Maxi
90000
2
2
Unlimited
40000
1
0
TOTAL
1000000
6.95
23
ensure consistency with traffic volume inputs to mobile cost model (edit sheet 2, Traffic, row 24).
Language:English
Score: 767378.76
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/R...roup_Practical_Exercise_4.xlsx
Data Source: un
Howard Feldman
Howard Feldman Scope Associates Limited
& Director, Satellite IRG
ITU Workshop on Satellite Interference, 10 June 2013
Typical Interference Causes Due to poor equipment or
Due to the User Transmitting on the wrong Polarization Transmitting on the wrong Frequency Transmitting with too high Power level Transmitting on the wrong Satellite
Above, due to poor training or just human error
Carrier ID as a solution Is the best solution when interferer can’t
be readily identified
Takes time as it is reactive
A Proactive Approach The MSS operators such as Inmarsat do
not have these types of interference
Why?
Proactive solution MSS systems are typically Centrally controlled Closed loop Individual terminal control Using only Type Approved equipment
Centrally Controlled equipment
Should not be subject to Carrier ID requirements System doesn’t transmit until satellite is
identified Received commands control the frequency,
power level, polarization and timing of the transmissions
The Proof In the MSS world, using centrally
controlled approved systems Many hundreds of thousands of terminals are
currently in use 38 years of experience Accidental Interference issues are extremely
rare
Howard Feldman
Typical Interference Causes
Carrier ID as a solution
A Proactive Approach
Proactive solution
Centrally Controlled equipment
The Proof
Language:English
Score: 765212.55
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/s...tions/Howard%20Fellman%20-.pdf
Data Source: un
We are
based in New York, we have offices in London, and we typically perform most of our
work for multi-nationals who operate in 100+ countries around the world. (...) We see a standard set of structures, not just for women’s efforts but for all
diverse constituents. There is typically an office of diversity. There is typically an
executive diversity council. There is typically a set of support groups, affinity groups,
women’s groups, employee network groups and their key business unit.
Language:English
Score: 764242
-
https://www.un.org/womenwatch/...las%20Freeman%20IWD%202007.pdf
Data Source: un
Define the typical operating conditions to be simulated covering the most relevant parameters influencing the speech quality within a laboratory environment.
Define the typical operating conditions to be simulated covering the most relevant parameters influencing the quality of in-car communication systems within a laboratory environment.
Define the typical operating conditions to be simulated covering the most relevant parameters influencing automated speech recognition performance within a laboratory environment.
Language:English
Score: 764242
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/s...ups/2013-2016/12/Pages/q4.aspx
Data Source: un
Denis Andreev
Director of Technopark ZNIIS Russian Federation
Session 4 (under Role of International telecommunication testing centers (ITTC) Unified and test network solutions for Region (equipment requirements, special requirements to services and QoS); ITTC’s operational procedures; Typical work plan for build ITTC; Structure of ITTC including testing lab facilities, technologies and equipment to be tested, personal to be trained)
Title of Presentation: Role of International telecommunication testing centers (ITTC). (...) In the present report the approach to construction of the similar Centers will be considered,
including: the analysis of the international experience on the creation of the testing centers, the choice of the optimal strategy regarding the realization of the testing process, the typical Center structure, the requirement to the telecommunication and measuring infrastructure of the Center, typical operational activity of the Center and a typical plan of measures on creation and the Center
- 2 - COM 2 – R – E
ITU-T\COM-T\COM02\R\RE.DOC
commissioning.
Language:English
Score: 763886.5
-
https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech...FR_Abstract_DAndreev_S3_13.pdf
Data Source: un