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They contended that virtual child abuse material (or “visual depictions of non-existent persons”) did not harm real children and that no causal link had been established. (...) Even if there is no real harm, virtual child abuse material fosters social tolerance of the exploitative acts that are depicted, contributing to the sexual commodification of children. 24. (...) During the negotiations on the draft amendment to the law, discussions were held to include a request for scientific research on the impact of virtual child abuse material on potential victims and perpetrators.

The combination of the financial risk experienced by media which are critical of the authorities and often targeted by lawsuits, and the disadvantage they are at in terms of access to State advertising seems to be gradually restricting the plurality of opinion in the media landscape in favour of media aligned with the Government. (...) Journalists whose work was affected by the recent closure of traditional media have considered migrating to the virtual space. 10 Open Society Foundation, “Overcoming the principles of secrecy in the public administration’s operation” (Skopje, November 2013). 11 See http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx. 12 Open Society Foundations, “Mapping digital media: Macedonia” (London, 2012). 13 Ibid.

Regulation of the employment of children under 14 years in television programmes (and the ban on their use in advertising messages and spots) is to be covered by specific rules. (...) This will ensure transparency in the use of public funds and advertising revenues by the public service licensee. (...) Concerns access by users, the fundamental rights of the individual, impartiality in advertising, and access to programmes by disabled persons.

The bill also includes a section on advertising, including maximum hourly and daily advertising, and the need to clearly differentiate between advertising and editorial content. (...) The Special Rapporteur urges that this legal reform be conducted through extensive and participatory consultation with all stakeholders. 44. Government advertising: broadcast and print media rely upon government advertising, with very few companies outside of the telecommunications sector devoting advertising resources to support the media. (...) The Special Rapporteur urges the Government to consider adopting a set of rules that would regulate official advertising and eliminate the possibility of placing advertising on the basis of the point of view expressed by an outlet or its reporters. 47.

In particular, it was stated that about two thirds of the advertising resources are allocated to television broadcasting; the print media are therefore deprived of important financial resources. 40. (...) The attention of the Special Rapporteur was also drawn to the conflict of interest within the advertising sector. In Italy, it seems that more than 60 per cent of advertising resources are allocated to the television broadcasting sector. The President of the Council of Ministers, via his advertising company Publitalia 80, which is part of the Mediaset group, controls around two thirds of the television advertising resources.

On 2 July, the Chief of the ISU gave a virtual presentation on “Are we fully prepared for the next biological event?” (...) On 6 July, the Chief of the ISU gave a virtual presentation on “Responding to the Threat of Bio and Cyber Terrorism”, during the Virtual Counter-Terrorism Week organized by the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (Daniel Feakes) 14. (...) On 5 November, the Chief of the ISU participated in a virtual “BWC Engagement Workshop”, organized by the U.S.

A/HRC/20/17/Add.1 12 GE.12-13924 unfair allocation of official advertising by ANEP as a way to sanction criticism and encourage self-censorship of journalists; for instance, El Watan and El Khabar have been reportedly banned from receiving public advertising since 1996 and 1997, respectively, owing to their critical stance on Government policies. 47. (...) He was in favour of having a specific law on advertising, which would certainly improve the image of ANEP with the press in general. He stated that a number of laws on advertising had been drafted, to which ANEP had contributed, but to no avail.

While there are no legal regulations on the limitation of advertising for junk food targeting children, the 31 Information provided by the Government, dated 8 June 2016. A/HRC/34/48/Add.1 GE.16-22941 13 Special Rapporteur welcomes voluntary initiatives by food producers and the Polish media to self-censor advertising of junk food aimed at children aged less than 13. (...) While Polish law prohibits the advertising of milk formula, the same prohibitions and regulations for baby food do not exist.33 As such, the Special Rapporteur encourages Polish legislators to put in place regulations to carefully monitor the advertising of baby food and food for infants over 6 months of age. 51.

In 2018, the largest broadcaster reportedly received 67 per cent of State advertising in the television sector, while an independent broadcaster that has a similar sized audience, received only 1 per cent. In 2020, the imbalance is said to have grown further, with a reported 86 per cent of State advertising going to pro- government media outlets.27 39. The deliberate skewing of public revenue advertising in favour of outlets with a particular political view has adverse consequences, not only for the health of the media sector but also for the viability of the entire information ecosystem.

许多项目能够在应对 COVID-19方面以创新方式进行适应，例如，在印度由 适应基金资助的妇女自助团体为与外界隔绝的村庄制作了数以千计的口罩，老挝 人民民主共和国的非正规住区获得了改善卫生设施的直接供水，加纳的农民得以 33 有关详细信息，见 https://www.adaptation-fund.org/adaptation-funds-first-virtual-project-visit-a- success/。 FCCC/KP/CMP/2021/2−FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/4 18 GE.21-13054 继续向处于隔离状态的社区提供食物。 (...) III of the main report), the AFB, its secretariat and/or the AF-TERG organized and/or participated in the following meetings and events: (a) Webinar entitled “Adaptation Fund Engagement Pathways: First Steps for Women’s Organizations”, hosted by the Women’s Environment and Development Organization (8 July 2020, virtual); (b) Webinar entitled “Adaptation Fund Projects in South and South-East Asia: Insights from CSO Perspectives”, co-hosted by the Adaptation Fund NGO Network, Development Alternatives, Climate Action Network South Asia and Climate Action Network Southeast Asia (14 July 2020, virtual); (c) Launch of the French version of the e-learning course on direct access designed to help countries and stakeholders unlock climate finance co-organized by the Francophonie Institute for Sustainable Development (21 July 2020, virtual); (d) Webinar entitled “Water and Climate Coordination: Climate Finance”, organized by the Global Water Partnership in partnership with UNDP-Cap-Net, Alliance for Global Water Adaptation and Stockholm International Water Institute (23 July 2020, virtual); (e) Adaptation Fund: Innovation for Adaptation to Climate Change event at World Water Week (25 August 2020, virtual); (f) Daring Cities Conference: Multi-level governance as key to successful climate action, organized by International Urban Cooperation Programme (26 October 2020, virtual); (g) “Finance for nature-based climate change adaptation” session co-hosted by ICLEI Africa, the City of Kigali and the Government of Rwanda at Local Climate Solutions for Africa 2020 (3–12 November 2020, virtual); (h) Micronesia Sub-Regional Workshop for the Engagement of the Private Sector, co-organized by the Government of Nauru, Nauru Chamber of Commerce and the Pacific Islands Forum (11–12 November 2020, virtual); (i) Adaptation Fund Climate Innovation Accelerator virtual joint launch by UNDP, UNEP-CTCN and the AF (18 November 2020, virtual); (j) “Hard talk: committing to locally led adaptation” session as part of the event titled “Reforming climate finance to support locally led adaptation: principles for moving to business and usual” co-hosted by the World Resources Institute and the International Institute for Environment and Development at London Climate Action Week 2020 (18 November 2020); (k) “Fourth Annual Dialogue with Climate Finance Delivery Channels, organized by the GCF” (24 November 2020, virtual); (l) UNFCCC Climate Dialogues, Technology Day (30 November 2020, virtual); (m) “Pathways for a green recovery” subplenary at the 4th City-to-City Event, organized by the International Urban Cooperation (3 December 2020, virtual); (n) UNFCCC Climate Dialogues, Adaptation Fund Event entitled “Serving the Paris Agreement through financing adaptation action, innovation and learning” (3 December 2020, virtual); (o) The 59th and 60th meetings of the GEF Council (7–11 December 2020 and 14–18 June 2021, respectively); FCCC/KP/CMP/2021/2−FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/4 30 GE.21-13054 (p) Adaptation Fund Contributor Dialogue for Ambition in Adaptation Finance, held in conjunction with the 2020 Climate Ambition Summit (14 December 2020, virtual); (q) 4th meeting of the Facilitative Working Group of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (16 December 2020, virtual); (r) Virtual workshop on financing transboundary water cooperation and basin development, organized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (16–17 December 2020, virtual); (s) Local Leadership in Adaptation Finance: Learning from Locally-led Action in Adaptation Fund Projects and Programmes as part of the Gobeshona Conference, organized by the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (18 January 2021, virtual); (t) Adaptation Innovation Marketplace launch, organized by UNDP (19 January 2021, virtual); (u) Meeting of the Alliance for Hydromet Development (19 January 2021, virtual); (v) Climate Adaptation Summit 2021 Anchoring Event – “Money and Power Where It Matters: Mobilising for Locally Led Adaptation” (25–26 January 2021, virtual); (w) Inception workshop of the project “Enhancing Adaptive Capacity of Andean Communities through Climate Services in Peru, Colombia and Chile” (2–4 February 2021, virtual); (x) Meeting of the NGO Committee on Financing for Development (3 February 2021, virtual); (y) GEF Introduction Seminar 2021 (22–25 February 2021, virtual); (z) Access to climate finance workshop by the International Institute for Environment and Development (23 February 2021, virtual); (aa) Technical workshop on quantity, quality and composition of climate finance (26 February 2021, virtual); (bb) Launch of the Spanish version of the e-learning course on direct access designed to help countries and stakeholders unlock climate finance (2 March 2021, virtual), co- organized by the Spanish Institute for Development and Cooperation; (cc) 7th Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum, organized by the Asia Pacific Adaptation Network (8–12 March 2021, virtual); (dd) Climate and Development Expert Roundtable, organized by the World Resources Institute (17 March 2021, virtual); (ee) Climate and Development Ministerial, organized by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in its capacity as incoming Presidency of COP 26 (31 March 2021, virtual); (ff) Session for the Asia-Pacific region on Emerging lessons from the Adaptation Fund Climate Innovation Accelerator organized by UNEP-CTCN (13 April 2021, virtual); (gg) United Nations Economic and Social Council 2021 Financing for Development Forum, “Financing Nature-based Solutions is Path to Holistic and Equitable Recovery from Pandemic” (14 April 2021, virtual); (hh) 2nd meeting of the PCCB Network (18 April 2021, virtual); (ii) Webinar entitled “Funding Gender-Just Climate Solutions – Understanding the Multilateral Climate Funds”, organized by the women and gender constituency (29 April 2021, virtual); (jj) AC Task Force on National Adaptation Plans meeting (30 April 2021, virtual); (kk) Webinar entitled “Emerging lessons from the Adaptation Fund Climate Innovation Accelerator”, session for the Africa region (4 May 2021, virtual); (ll) 2nd UNFCCC Capacity-building Talk (10 May 2021, virtual); FCCC/KP/CMP/2021/2−FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/4 GE.21-13054 31 (mm) Workshop entitled “Enhancing Access to Climate Finance through the Adaptation Fund”, organized by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (13 May 2021, virtual); (nn) 10th Durban Forum on Capacity-building (2 June 2021); (oo) First meeting of the informal coordination group for capacity-building under the Convention and the Paris Agreement (8 June 2021, virtual); (pp) 5th meeting of the PCCB (9–11 June 2021, virtual); (qq) “Locally led action principles – How can we see them driving real impact?” session held during the 15th International Conference of Community-based Adaptation to Climate Change (16 June 2021, virtual); (rr) 5th Meeting of the Facilitative Working Group of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (21–24 June 2021); (ss) The 5th European Climate Change Adaptation Conference (22 June 2021); (tt) The 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th GCF Board meetings (18–21 August 2020, 9–13 November 2020, 16–19 March 2021, and 28 June–1 July 2021, respectively).