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In addition, 2 billion persons suffer from malnutrition, due to micronutrient deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. According to the World Health Organization, deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, and zinc rank among the top ten leading causes of death through disease in developing countries. Iron deficiency affects an estimated 1.7 billion people worldwide, half of whom suffer from iron deficiency anaemia. Vitamin A deficiency affects 254 million preschool children in 118 countries, and still is a leading cause of child blindness across developing countries.

GE.20-14862 (R) 181120 191120  Совет по правам человека Рабочая группа по универсальному

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБЪЕДИНЕННЫХ НАЦИЙ E ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ СОВЕТ Distr. GENERAL ECE/CES/GE.22/2006/12 15

Beasley, Court of Appeal,24 January 1956 ([1956] 1 QB 702); London County Council v. Vitamins, Ltd., London County Council v. Agricultural Food Products, Ltd., Court of Appeal, 31 March 1955 [1955] 2 QB 218 (United Kingdom, Law Reports, Queen’s Bench). 24 Это признается, например, в пункте 1 статьи 11 Кодекса обязанностей Швейцарии.

It is important to point out that quinoa is the only plant food that contains all the essential amino acids, vitamins and trace elements and is also gluten free. (...) This amino acid enhances immune func- tion by aiding in the formation of antibodies, promotes gastric function, assists in cell repair, is involved in fatty acid metabolism, aids calcium transport and absorp- tion and even seems to slow or prevent –together with vitamin C–cancer metastasis, to name just a few of its many therapeutic actions.

URL: www.who.int/nutrition/publications/essential-nutrition-actions-2019/en/. 26 WHO (2018) Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals in public health. URL: www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/rice-fortification/en/. 27 WHO (2018) Guideline: implementing effective actions for improving adolescent nutrition .

Chronic malnutrition is more widespread among children in rural areas (40.4 per cent) than among their urban counterparts (29.9 per cent).4 In 2000, a national survey revealed that vitamin A deficiency affects the vast majority of children aged 12–71 months (73 per cent).5 8. (...) Planting fruit trees as part of valley development enables children’s diets to be improved by means of the vitamins in the fruit. The promotion of composting — a difficult technique, but one that yields significant results — allows the soil to be fertilized without resorting to the purchase of costly artificial fertilizers.

Some students eat such food as fried meat, fried potatoes and soft drinks — low-quality food high in calories and sugar and low in micronutrients and vitamins — which makes their diet less healthy.

With regard to micronutrient deficiency, in 2009/2010 the National Food and Nutrition Institute carried out a survey assessing the dietary intake of nearly 400 children aged between 11 and 13, which indicated an extremely high risk of deficiency for vitamin D, folate and vitamin E. Over 90 per cent of the children surveyed manifested the risk of calcium and potassium deficiency. (...) One initiative, introduced in the 2004/2005 school year, is the “Milk at school” programme, which encourages consumption of healthy dairy products containing important vitamins and minerals. Children who regularly attend nursery schools, kindergartens, primary schools and secondary schools receive 0.25l of milk or an equivalent milk product per school day.

In addition, the social milk programme Liconsa provides milk fortified with iron, zinc, folic acid and vitamins at below market prices for children aged from 6 months to 12 years, adolescent girls from 13 to 15 years, pregnant or nursing women, women aged between 45 and 59 years, chronically ill and disabled persons older than 12 years, and adults over 60 years of age.