., –– UKUK: The OFTEL for telecom, whilst the ITV for content & broadcast : The OFTEL for telecom, whilst the ITV for content & broadcast
messages etc. until the end of 2003 when the converged OFCOM is messages etc. until the end of 2003 when the converged OFCOM is fully operational after enactment of the Communications Bill;fully operational after enactment of the Communications Bill;
–– S.KoreaS.Korea : The KCC for telecom, whilst the KBC for content & : The KCC for telecom, whilst the KBC for content & broadcasting;broadcasting;
–– Hong Kong: Hong Kong: The OFTA for telecom, whilst the BA for content & The OFTA for telecom, whilst the BA for content & broadcastingbroadcasting
Doc.39 - Convergence 1: Overview 4
Tends: Legislation from convergenceTends: Legislation from convergence
ØØ Over 150 countries have introduced new Over 150 countries have introduced new telecom legislation or modified existing telecom legislation or modified existing regulations:regulations: 1) Amending the existing laws or legislation: 1) Amending the existing laws or legislation:
e.g., Hong Konge.g., Hong Kong 2) Unifying or converging the relevant elements 2) Unifying or converging the relevant elements
into the one single law: e.g., Malaysia, Indiainto the one single law: e.g., Malaysia, India ØØ Require some new laws relating to Require some new laws relating to
security (e.g., intellectual property, security (e.g., intellectual property, electronic contracts) and cyber crimes electronic contracts) and cyber crimes (e.g., cyberlaws)(e.g., cyberlaws)
Examples: Legislation from convergenceExamples: Legislation from convergence ØØ ChinaChina: : The Regulations (1997/8) covered radio, TV & film and The Regulations (1997/8) covered radio, TV & film and
provides interim provisions for the management of computer provides interim provisions for the management of computer information networks and for the security of computer networks information networks and for the security of computer networks & the Internet;& the Internet;
ØØ Hong Kong, China: Hong Kong, China: The Telecom Ordinance (2000) & Broadcasting Ordinance (2000) were amended respectively to meet the convergence;
ØØ MalaysiaMalaysia: : The Communications & Multimedia Act (1998) The Communications & Multimedia Act (1998) established a regulatory framework in support of national policyestablished a regulatory framework in support of national policy objectives for the industries;objectives for the industries;
ØØ SingaporeSingapore: : The Electronic Transactions Act (1998) & The Electronic Transactions Act (1998) & Regulations (1999) enacts a commercial code to support eRegulations (1999) enacts a commercial code to support e-- commerce transactions and creates a voluntary licensing scheme commerce transactions and creates a voluntary licensing scheme for CA respectively; andfor CA respectively; and
ØØ India: India: The IT ACT (2000) deals with digital signature, eThe IT ACT (2000) deals with digital signature, e-- governance, regulation of CA; The Communication Convergence governance, regulation of CA; The Communication Convergence Bill (2001) drafted and to be passedBill (2001) drafted and to be passed
T e
le co
m m
u n
ic a
ti o
n
B ro
a d
ca st
in g
C o
m p
u te
rs
A n
y n
e w
t e
ch &
se
rv ic
e s
Network Facilities
Network Services
Applications Services
Content Services
Vertical sector specific regulation and
regulatory bodies
Horizontal converged regulation and regulatory body
Overall Regulatory Option & TrendOverall Regulatory Option & Trend Lessons & Ways ForwardLessons & Ways Forward
üü Staff retraining for competence and Staff retraining for competence and expertise in fast changing, competitive, expertise in fast changing, competitive, and converging ICT/telecommunication and converging ICT/telecommunication sectorssectors
üü Different countries with different econoDifferent countries with different econo-- political and geographical conditions political and geographical conditions will have to shape their regulation in will have to shape their regulation in different manners. different manners.
Language:English
Score: 806211.33
-
https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg...Convergence%201%20Overview.pdf
Data Source: un
InDigital delivers more
than 750 television services to customers across 100 cities and towns whilst NXT Digital is
available in over 2,000 pin codes across India. (...) As
Principal Consultant at TATA SKY, Vynsley was part of the core team responsible for rolling out
the premier DTH service across India whilst at STAR News (now ABP News Network) - he was
responsible for setting up and managing the operations of the national and regional network.
Language:English
Score: 803634.3
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/R...Profile%202019CEOIMCL%20VF.pdf
Data Source: un
The
mapping also revealed that the majority of MSMEs (98%) were operating as sole proprietors, of which
21% were registered, whilst the vast majority, 77% remain unregistered. (...) The 2018 survey further indicated that more than 90% of the
respondents stated that they did not receive any BDS.
Whilst 90% of the MSMEs have access to local markets for their products and services, only 6% of the
respondents have access to regional and international markets. (...) Remittances from the diaspora are estimated to represent about 20 % of GDP, whilst industry is less
developed constitutes about 14.2 % of GDPvi.
Language:English
Score: 802839.55
-
https://sdgs.un.org/sites/defa...ion%20Forum%20on%20MSMEs_0.pdf
Data Source: un
Paragraph 5 refers to ‘business entity’, whilst paragraph 6 refers to ‘non-‐State actors in the business sector’ and the term ‘business actors’ is also used throughout. (...) However, due to corruption and lack of resources and authority of the inspection bodies, those laws were not enforced, fire safety permits were granted in breach of the laws and whilst inspections were carried out, they were marred by corruption and under-‐resourcing of the inspectorate. (...) Relevant ICESCR obligations should be reflected in the commercial documentation between the State and the business entity (such as PPP agreements).
5.3. Whilst the regulation of private actors involved in service provision is crucial, it is not sufficient.
Language:English
Score: 802537.5
-
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/de...CR/Discussions/2017/GIESCR.pdf
Data Source: un
PODCAST: The electronic sounds of pan-African collaboration | | 1UN News
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Uganda’s status as a refuge has seen large numbers escaping conflict in neighbouring and nearby countries, in particular South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and living in relative safety.
Whilst many are living in refugee camps administered by the UN in the north of the country, such as the Bidi Bidi settlement, others have made their way to the capital, Kampala, and some are making an impact on Uganda’s alternative music scene.
Conor Lennon from UN News visited the headquarters of the Nyege Nyege record label in Kampala, which hosts a range of strikingly original artists from several countries, many of whom live on-site and collaborate with other musicians, whilst they develop their style, working towards critical and financial success.
Language:English
Score: 799102.05
-
https://news.un.org/en/audio/2022/08/1125092
Data Source: un
This is the testimony of Berthilde, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide
During the genocide, whilst living in Gitarama with my sister, I was gangraped on two separate occasions. (...) I tried to bring about an abortion, but that didn’t succeed.
I gave birth whilst still in Zaire and the child became one more burden that I didn’t know how to bear.
Language:English
Score: 799102.05
-
https://www.un.org/ar/preventg...ies/70%20-%20Berthilde2009.pdf
Data Source: un
Together, with current efforts of the International Trade Centre (ITC), the Ministry of Health and WHO, funds and approaches are integrated to help scale, standardize and ensure quality control whilst providing income generating opportunities particularly, for vulnerable businesses and female entrepreneurs.
(...) COVIDGambia - launched a grassroot initiative for a Masks4All campaign for the distribution of masks to vulnerable populations whilst supporting young entrepreneurs and raising awareness about the pandemic.
Language:English
Score: 799102.05
-
https://www.undp.org/gambia/ne...porting-production-cloth-masks
Data Source: un
Much of this coverage remains ‘unimproved’ or basic, and the next big challenge, whilst continuing to accelerate progress, is converting this coverage to ‘improved’ or ‘safe’ sanitation.
Whilst the implementation of CLTSH remains strong, the study findings suggest there are some key implementation adjustments which could improve the uptake of improved sanitation.
Language:English
Score: 799102.05
-
https://www.unicef.org/ethiopi...l-sanitation-and-hygiene-cltsh
Data Source: un
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PODCAST: The electronic sounds of pan-African collaboration
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19 August 2022
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Uganda’s status as a refuge has seen large numbers escaping conflict in neighbouring and nearby countries, in particular South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and living in relative safety.
Whilst many are living in refugee camps administered by the UN in the north of the country, such as the Bidi Bidi settlement, others have made their way to the capital, Kampala, and some are making an impact on Uganda’s alternative music scene.
Conor Lennon from UN News visited the headquarters of the Nyege Nyege record label in Kampala, which hosts a range of strikingly original artists from several countries, many of whom live on-site and collaborate with other musicians, whilst they develop their style, working towards critical and financial success.
Language:English
Score: 799102.05
-
https://news.un.org/audio/2022/08/1125092
Data Source: un
Retailers and brand owners must continue to place safety at the top of their agenda whilst still meeting and exceeding customers’ high expectations of their product offer.
Whilst the number of chemicals currently having their safety questioned appears to be increasing significantly, the situation itself is not new. (...) It is also important that we learn the lessons from our previous experiences when considering, for example, setting targets for the replacement of particular chemicals. Whilst it might be beneficial to a company's reputation to make bold statements about excluding certain chemicals from their inventory, the reality is that a programme of successful replacement can be a long and resource intensive process.
- 2 -
It is against this background that the way in which Boots approaches this complex issue is described.
Language:English
Score: 796624.1
-
https://www.who.int/ifcs/docum...forum5/precaution/boots_en.pdf
Data Source: un
