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The phenomenon is so widespread that it is often viewed as the norm in judicial practice. (...) Moreover, even though this phenomenon is widespread, there are no legal consequences as far as either the judgement or the complainant is concerned when it is established that the time limit for hearing a case has been exceeded. (...) Particular attention should be given to the assessment of the reasons for individuals’ non-appearance in court.

The Working Group noted the widespread impact of radicalization not only in the local attacks in Tunisia but also in the growing number of individuals travelling to fight crises abroad, such as in the Syrian Arab Republic. (...) With access to the Internet and social media now widespread, the number of young people joining extremist groups and travelling to conflict zones, such as in the Syrian Arab Republic, rose. (...) Women, present in smaller numbers, may have also joined for similar reasons, as well as for humanitarian or private reasons, such as joining their husbands or partners.

For a Government to insist on a principled defence of the death penalty but to refuse to divulge to its own population the extent to which, and the reasons for which, it is being applied is unacceptable. (...) The first part of the limitation clause provides that the public may be excluded for one of several reasons: the general interest of a democratic society in morals, public order, and national security, the privacy interests of the parties, and the interests of justice. (...) Even restrictions on transparency at the trial stage must be justified by “reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society”.28 Basic information on the administration of justice should never be considered a threat to public order or national security.

Several aspects of the death penalty in Nigeria are of particular concern: (a) widespread procedural irregularities; (b) conditions on death row; and (c) the operation of sharia law, especially in relation to adultery and sodomy. (...) In addition, corruption is widespread among police officers, in part due to very low salaries.31 40. (...) Tragically, the practice of summarily executing suspected criminals by the Nigeria Police is widespread and systematic. This is both illegal and counter-productive.

The killing of women, the execution of selected individuals by elements within the police and military, gang and crime-related killings, social cleansing, and other acts of violence have created a widespread sense of insecurity among the population. (...) It is likely that individual women have indeed been killed for each of these reasons. However, there is a risk that the term femicidio may obscure the diversity of crimes involved. (...) MINUGUA’s study began with a general observation that the areas in which lynching is most widespread are areas that suffer disproportionate poverty, are predominantly indigenous, have a weak State presence, and experienced the most human rights violations during the armed confrontation.

Such a solution, however, raises concerns about the right to freedom of association of members who have not passed the security clearance process, especially because reasons for failure are not given and there is no appeals process. 62. (...) The rationale behind this was allegedly to prevent widespread industrial action across the private sector, in order to protect public works. (...) The bill would affect approximately 2.5 million workers and was rejected by all trade union representatives of the National Labour Advisory Committee. Following widespread dissatisfaction with the bill, the Department of Labour provided trade union representatives a one-month period to provide observations and comments on the text.

The Working Group also received reports that female candidates or authorities were subjected to widespread political harassment, a new way of discouraging them from participating in politics. (...) The Working Group hopes that such programmes will expand and become widespread. 46. Another major problem facing women is the high rate of informal employment. (...) Many women are unable to use health services for financial reasons, or because they live fa r from the nearest health centre.

Despite efforts by the authorities, awareness about the legal status of abortion is not yet widespread, neither among women nor among health professionals. (...) Gender-based violence in Malaysia is considered widespread although underreported, and the scope and enforcement of existing legal provisions remains unsatisfactory. (...) Although there is little data available about its incidence, anecdotal evidence points to widespread prevalence of intimate partner violence, and non-partner sexual violence.

Transfers are made for three reasons to benefit the court, to benefit the judge and to benefit the judge’s family. (...) During the Special Rapporteur’s mission, a number of reports were issued by various Indonesian organizations alleging widespread and systemic corruption within the administration of justice system. (...) The indictments allege widespread or systematic acts of murder and persecution directed against a civilian population, and that the defendants failed to prevent their subordinates from carrying out such crimes.

With the restoration of independence in 1991, Latvia embarked on a process of close rapprochement with the West, particularly through the introduction of widespread economic reforms, including privatization, to integrate the economy into global markets. (...) The common opinion expressed by State authorities was that racism and discrimination are not widespread phenomena in Latvia, but isolated cases, usually perpetrated by extremists that do not represent the country’s tradition of tolerance. (...) Since this type of charge often requires a higher threshold of evidence, the lack of specific provisions on hate crimes has led to widespread qualification of racist violence as cases of hooliganism, which entails softer sanctions.